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One of the failure modes of metal film chip resistors is a phenomenon called "electrolysis." When electrolysis occurs, the resistance value may change, and in some cases, it may completely break. What should be considered to prevent electrolysis and safely use chip resistors? 【Contents】 ■ What is electrolysis? ■ Electrolysis in a narrow sense ■ Galvanic corrosion ■ Causes of moisture intrusion ■ Methods to prevent electrolysis ■ Experiment on substrate coating agents *This document is a technical resource that provides a detailed explanation of the mechanisms and prevention methods of electrolysis. For more information, please contact us or download the PDF for further details.

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Flat Electronics, which handles a large number of surface mount chip resistors, is currently offering a free technical document on "Thermal Optics of Chip Resistors"! When using chip resistors as circuit components, the most important thing to be cautious about is heat generation. If the amount of heat generated is too high, the temperature of the chip resistor will rise, causing the resistance value to change. In the worst case, excessive temperature rise could lead to the substrate burning or even catching fire. So, what precautions are necessary to use chip resistors safely? This document provides a detailed explanation of the heat transfer related to chip resistors. Please make use of it as a reference for your designs. [Contents] ■ Rated power and load reduction curves ■ Protective films for chip resistors ■ Temperature rise of chip resistors ■ Three elements of heat transfer ■ Heat transfer of chip resistors *For more details, please refer to the PDF document or feel free to contact us.

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We would like to introduce Flat Electronics' new product, the 'RFCN-N8D', which is a high-precision resistor made of metal film with excellent temperature coefficient. This product is a narrow-pitch network resistor known for its good temperature coefficient of resistance. The reduction in area has also minimized the variation in composition, leading to an expected improvement in the accuracy of the relative temperature coefficient. Additionally, we also offer a newly released product, the "8-element chip network resistor." 【Features】 ■ 20% reduction in wiring pitch ■ 75% reduction in mounting area ■ Improved accuracy of the relative temperature coefficient *For more details, please refer to the PDF document or feel free to contact us.

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The "chip-type metal thin-film network resistor" is a network resistor that aggregates multiple resistors. We can manufacture resistors according to your specifications through custom support. It achieves a relative temperature coefficient between elements of 1ppm/°C or lower and a long-term change in resistance ratio of 10ppm or lower, significantly improving the performance and reliability of your products. Furthermore, by reducing the number of components, it contributes to lower mounting costs and space-saving, which can enhance the added value of the product. 【Features】 - The relative temperature coefficient of resistance between elements (1ppm/°C or lower) and long-term changes are very small and stable. - The mounting area on the surface mount board can be minimized, increasing space efficiency and reducing assembly labor. - Replacing metal foil resistors can provide equivalent or better performance in terms of relative accuracy, yielding VE effects. - It is compact, allows for high-density mounting, and can accommodate taping for small lot sizes. *For more details about the product, please download the PDF document or contact us.

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The chip-type metal thin-film network resistor (RFCN type) utilizes sputtering and etching technologies to form a Ni-Cr-based resistive thin film on the surface of a high-purity alumina substrate, and is a high-precision, high-reliability chip-type metal thin-film network resistor that has been finely processed using laser trimming technology. 【Features】 ■ High Performance The relative temperature coefficient of resistance between elements (below 1ppm/°C) and the aging change (below 10ppm/year in resistance ratio) are very small and stable. ■ Compact and Mountable The mounting area on the surface mount substrate is small, enhancing space efficiency, and automatic mounting is expected to reduce labor costs. ■ Cost-Effectiveness Replacing conventional (foil resistors and) SOP, SIP, and DIP type network resistors is expected to yield VE effects. ■ Compact, low-cost, good mountability, and when compared in terms of relative accuracy, it has performance equivalent to foil resistors. *For more details about the product, please download the PDF document or contact us.

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Flat Electronics Co., Ltd. has been challenging itself to meet the many demands from our development partners based on the policy of "continuously providing the highest satisfaction to customers around the world with excellent quality" since its establishment. Moving forward, we will continue to pursue quality improvement and production cost reduction from the perspective of "principles and fundamentals," striving to achieve customer satisfaction with practical metal film resistors. We aspire to be a company that walks alongside our customers and contributes to society. 【Business Activities】 - Manufacturing and sales of metal thin-film resistors and electronic devices - Manufacturing and sales of electrical components For more details, please contact us or download our catalog.

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The "chip-type metal thin-film network resistor" is a high-precision, high-reliability component that utilizes sputtering and etching technologies to form a Ni-Cr-based resistive thin film on the surface of a high-purity alumina substrate, which is then finely processed using laser trimming technology. Manufactured under thorough quality control, it boasts high reliability and has been widely used in measurement instruments, semiconductor testing equipment, medical devices, industrial equipment, and automotive electrical components, achieving numerous results. 【Features】 ■ The relative temperature coefficient of resistance between elements (below 1ppm/°C) and the aging change are very small and stable. ■ The mounting area on the surface mount substrate can be minimized, enhancing space efficiency and reducing assembly labor. ■ When replacing metal foil resistors, performance equivalent to or better than the relative accuracy can be expected, achieving the VE effect. ■ It is compact, allows for high-density mounting, and can also accommodate taping for small lot sizes. *For more details about the product, please download the PDF document or contact us.

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The "Rectangular Metal Thin Film Chip Resistor" utilizes sputtering and etching technologies to deposit a Ni-Cr-based resistive thin film on the surface of a high-purity alumina substrate, and is a high-precision, high-reliability rectangular metal thin film chip resistor that has been finely processed using laser trimming technology. Manufactured under thorough quality control, it has high reliability and is widely used in measurement instruments, semiconductor testing equipment, medical devices, communication equipment, and automotive electrical components, with a proven track record. 【Features】 ■ Strong resistance to humidity, with minimal aging changes and excellent stability. ■ A temperature coefficient of resistance of ±1ppm/°C is achievable. ■ Excellent high-frequency characteristics. ■ Pattern design that is resistant to surges is possible. ■ Electrode structure that enhances soldering reliability. *For more details about the product, please download the PDF document or contact us.

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The "Rectangular Metal Thin Film Fixed Resistor" is an ultra-high-performance rectangular metal thin film fixed resistor manufactured using sputtering deposition technology for Ni-Cr-based resistive thin films on the surface of a high-purity alumina substrate, along with pattern formation technology through etching. Produced under rigorous quality control, it has a proven track record in electronic circuits that require high precision and reliability in various industrial equipment, including measuring instruments, medical devices, and communication equipment. 【Features】 ■ The thin rectangular shape allows for high-density mounting due to its insulated type. ■ It has a small temperature coefficient of resistance and low current noise, with excellent frequency characteristics. ■ Surge protection products are possible through high-frequency trimming. ■ It exhibits minimal aging changes and excellent long-term reliability. ■ Custom options are available, allowing for the production of desired resistance values outside standard series in a short lead time. *For more details about the product, please download the PDF document or contact us.

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The "SIP-type metal film network resistors" can accommodate a wide range of resistance network requirements, including side common, independent, and symmetrical types. Additionally, the relative temperature coefficient of resistance between elements (1ppm/°C) and the aging characteristics (resistance ratio of 10ppm/year) are very small and stable. Manufactured under thorough quality control, they possess high reliability and have been widely used in measuring instruments, semiconductor testing equipment, medical devices, communication equipment, and automotive electrical components, with many proven results. 【Features】 ■ Flexible support for side common, independent, and symmetrical types ■ Small relative temperature coefficient of resistance between elements (1ppm/°C) ■ Small aging characteristics (resistance ratio of 10ppm/year) ■ Standalone insertion type, with a small mounting area on printed circuit boards, improving space efficiency ■ Capable of manufacturing voltage divider resistors with 10MΩ and 1200V compatibility, allowing for the development of products with low variation in temperature coefficient of resistance and tolerance. *For more details about the product, please download the PDF document or contact us.

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High-performance resistors for electronic circuits manufactured under thorough quality control 【Features】 ○ The shape is rectangular and insulated, allowing for high mounting density ○ The lead wire structure is uniform in direction, enabling a reduction in assembly labor ○ Low temperature coefficient and current noise, with excellent frequency characteristics ○ Minimal aging changes and high reliability ○ Custom products outside the standard resistance values requested by designers can be produced in a short lead time ○ Compliant with RoHS and lead-free ● For other functions and details, please download the catalog.

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We have numerous achievements in a wide range of fields, including measuring instruments, semiconductor testing equipment, medical devices, industrial equipment, and automotive electrical components. Currently, we are offering a free "Chip Network Resistor Application Case." 【Features of the RFCN Series】 ■ The temperature coefficient of resistance and aging change are very small and stable. ■ The mounting area on the surface mount board is small, providing high space efficiency. ■ Replacing conventional network resistors is expected to yield VA effects. ■ Compact, inexpensive, and good mountability. *For more details, please request materials or view the PDF data available for download.

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We manufacture high-precision, high-reliability "chip-type metal film network resistors" and "rectangular metal film chip resistors" by forming Ni-Cr-based resistive thin films on high-purity alumina substrates and performing fine processing using laser trimming technology. ★ Sample kits are currently available for the first 50 applicants ★ Please specify the desired product name and apply through [Contact]! (Both products are acceptable) [Features] ■ Completely lead-free and compliant with RoHS ■ Supports high voltages up to 2000V (RF-1He) ■ Usable in the front-end processes of semiconductors ■ Minimal aging changes and stable performance *For more details, please refer to the catalog. Feel free to contact us with any inquiries.

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Flat Electronics is a specialized manufacturer of chip resistors for board mounting, rectangular resistors, and network resistors. We offer precision-grade thin-film resistors that boast high performance and high reliability. We provide custom-made solutions that exceed the conventional performance of thin-film resistors, accommodating a wide variety of products, small lot sizes, and short delivery times. 【Features of Flat Electronics Resistors】 ■ Performance that breaks the norms of thin-film chips ■ Excellent relative resistance ratio with integrated circuits ■ Support for a wide variety of products and small lot sizes ■ Short delivery times and low prices *For more details, please contact us or download the catalog.

• Resistors

Flat Electronics is a specialized manufacturer of chip resistors for board mounting, rectangular resistors, and network resistors. We offer precision-grade thin-film resistors that boast high performance and high reliability. We have numerous achievements in a wide range of fields, including measuring instruments, semiconductor testing equipment, medical devices, industrial equipment, and automotive electrical components! ★ We are currently offering a free comprehensive catalog ★ You can view it for free by clicking on "Catalog Download" below! 【Examples of Featured Products】 ■ Rectangular metal thin-film chip resistors ■ Chip-type metal thin-film network resistors ■ SIP-type metal thin-film network resistors ■ Rectangular metal thin-film fixed resistors

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The resistance temperature coefficient (relative value) is below 1 ppm/°C, achieving the same level of precision as foil resistors, and we also offer differentiated products such as 8-terminal chips that are not available from other companies.

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"Resistance temperature coefficient (relative value) below 1 ppm/°C" and it achieves the same level of accuracy as foil resistors, and we also offer differentiated products such as 8-terminal chips that are not available from other companies.

• Resistors

"Resistance temperature coefficient (relative value) below 1 ppm/°C" and it achieves the same level of precision as foil resistors, and we also offer differentiated products such as 8-terminal chips that are not available from other companies.

• Resistors

The resistance temperature coefficient (relative value) is below 1 ppm/°C, achieving the same level of precision as foil resistors, and we also offer differentiated products such as 8-terminal chips that are not available from other companies.

• Resistors

"Temperature coefficient of resistance (relative value) below 1 ppm/°C" and it achieves the same level of precision as foil resistors, and we also have differentiated products such as 8-terminal chips that are not available from other companies.

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The "SIP type" is a metal thin-film network resistor that enhances space efficiency on the mounting area of printed circuit boards due to its three-dimensional structure. The relative temperature coefficient of resistance between elements (1ppm/°C) and the aging characteristics (resistance ratio 10ppm/year) are very small and stable. When replacing conventional high-performance fixed resistors, significant VA effects are expected. 【Features】 ■ Compact ■ Mountability ■ Cost-effectiveness For more details, please refer to the catalog or feel free to contact us.

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Our company manufactures high-precision, high-reliability 'chip-type metal film network resistors' and 'rectangular metal film chip resistors' by forming Ni-Cr-based resistive thin films on high-purity alumina substrates and performing fine processing using laser trimming technology. Are you looking for ultra-precision thin film resistors with such performance? ■ Performance that exceeds the common understanding of thin film resistors ■ Cost reduction and performance improvement ■ Up to 1W class 1ppm/°C thin film ■ MΩ class, 1200V class precision resistors Flat Electronics will solve your problems like these. 【Application Circuit Examples】 - Precision operational amplifier circuits, cost reduced by 1/2, gain variation reduced to 1/4 - Differentiation based on rated power - 1200V compatible 10MΩ precision voltage divider circuits - Input/output resistors for high-precision 4-20mA analog current loops in instrumentation - Input/output resistors for high-precision 4-20mA analog current loops in instrumentation *For more details, please refer to the catalog. Feel free to contact us with any inquiries.

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Flat Electronics is a specialized manufacturer of chip resistors for board mounting, rectangular resistors, and network resistors. We offer precision-grade thin-film resistors that boast high performance and high reliability. We have numerous achievements in a wide range of fields, including measuring instruments, semiconductor testing equipment, medical devices, and industrial equipment! "We want precision chip resistors without increasing costs." We solve such concerns! Custom resistance values can also be produced. Please feel free to inquire about small quantities and various types! 【Examples of Application Circuits】 ■ Precision amplification circuits (cost 1/2, variation 1/4) ■ Precision voltage divider circuits (1200V, 10MΩ compatible) ■ Precision analog input/output circuits for 4-20mA loop signals used in instrumentation ■ Bridge circuits for sensors 【Achievements】 Measuring instruments, control devices, semiconductor testing equipment, electronic balances, strain vibration sensors, etc. *For more details, please download the catalog or contact us.

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We would like to introduce our precision resistors that enhance the performance of electronic circuits. Flat Electronic's resistors are created using a thin film formation method called sputtering, where a nichrome alloy that serves as the resistance is deposited on a high-purity alumina substrate. They are used in current detection circuits for power supplies that require high precision from major electronics manufacturers, bridge circuits for precise temperature sensors, and operational amplifier circuits that require high accuracy in gain. 【Features】 ■ Easy mass production and low cost due to sputtering manufacturing ■ Stable supply of high-performance products due to homogeneous alloy composition ■ Extremely low temperature variation in resistance characteristics ■ Quick delivery for small quantities and various types, including custom products, due to an integrated design and manufacturing system ■ Custom products can be tailored to customer designs *For more details, please download the PDF or feel free to contact us.

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