Constant Current Intermittent Titration Method (GITT) - Shinwa Technology Co., Ltd.

This paper explains the processes of electron conduction and ion diffusion in lithium-ion batteries. Within the battery, electrons move through the external circuit while ions diffuse internally, triggering electrochemical reactions. To optimize performance, it is important to suppress the polarization phenomena that occur during charging and discharging, and to improve the interfacial properties of the materials.
The ion diffusion rate determines the reaction rate of the battery, so it is necessary to accurately evaluate its characteristics. Therefore, the Galvanostatic Intermittent Titration Technique (GITT) is used to measure the ion diffusion coefficient. GITT analyzes the relationship between the battery's potential and time, providing information about reaction kinetics. In the tests, a constant current pulse is applied, and the diffusion of ions to reach equilibrium is observed after the current is stopped.
GITT is based on Fick's law of diffusion and is a method for evaluating ion diffusion rates. In experiments, it is important to reduce the current pulse and allow for a relaxation time to obtain stable potential changes.
Additionally, the GITT method has been applied to research on lithium iron phosphate composite electrodes and aqueous zinc-ion batteries, demonstrating that specific structural characteristics (e.g., porous structures) promote ion diffusion and enhance battery performance.

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