Disaster Prevention Applications of Optical Fiber Sensing = Basic Knowledge = [Free Download]
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A light sensing system is a system that utilizes light for sensing. (1) It uses reflected light. -- Human expressions, distance measurement (2) It uses emitted light. -- Optical pyrometer (3) It uses absorbed light. -- Optical absorption gas analyzer (4) It utilizes optical fibers in the sensing system. (a) Used only as optical waveguides (b) The optical fiber itself is used as a sensor (fiber optic sensing) 【Practical Advantages】 (1) By measuring as a line and arranging it in a mesh configuration, it can measure over an area (distributed measurement is possible). (2) It does not require measures against electromagnetic noise or explosion-proofing. (3) It has durability and allows for stable measurements over a long period. (4) By connecting additional optical fibers or expanding with optical channel selectors, the system can be easily expanded and diversified, allowing for the monitoring of multiple structures. ↓ (Engineers do not need to compromise, enabling the construction of an appropriate monitoring system) ↓ Maintenance costs can be reduced, primarily lowering the LCC. ● For more details, please check the [Catalog Download].
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<<Problems with Conventional Sensing>> (1) Attempting to measure changes in distribution through point measurements incurs enormous costs (the communication lines become extensive). (2) Essentially, electrical sensors (thermocouples, resistance strain gauges) lack lightning resistance and are affected by electromagnetic noise. (3) Sensor lifespan is short, requiring replacement and maintenance, leading to high costs (and may not be applicable depending on the structure or installation location). (4) When used in flammable atmospheres, special explosion-proof protective structures are required. In a laboratory setting, some level of distributed change measurement can be conducted, but in actual structures, one has no choice but to compromise with representative point measurements. ↓ (The engineers themselves inadvertently compromise on technology and cost.)
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Nippon Steel & Sumitomo Metal Corporation Welding Industry Division began developing metal tube optical fibers by applying welding material manufacturing technology in 1984, with the concept of "optical fibers that can be handled like electric wires," inserting optical fibers into thin, unseamless metal tubes. In 1988, they started selling the product under the name "PICOLOOP." Since then, they have responded to customer needs by releasing products such as "PicoFlex," which can be flexibly bent, and the portable "PicoDrum." Furthermore, recently, they have utilized the characteristic of optical fibers themselves acting as sensors, contributing to the construction, management, and maintenance of social infrastructure, as well as disaster prevention and security, thereby enhancing safety, security, and comfort in society.