If the length l is sufficiently short compared to the wavelength, the length of the track can be ignored.
In low-frequency circuits, the wires connecting resistors, coils, and capacitors, which are lumped constant components, have been considered merely as connectors. However, as the frequency increases and the wires become longer, such treatment is no longer acceptable. When current flows through the wires or patterns, magnetic field lines surround them, causing alternating changes. This is the effect of inductance, and resistance must also take into account the skin effect, where high-frequency currents flow only on the surface of the wires. Additionally, the capacitance increases in proportion to the relative permittivity εr of the printed circuit board, and leakage conductance arises due to insufficient insulation. Thus, the wires or patterns connecting the components must be regarded as having a structure where the small inductance ΔL and small resistance ΔR are continuous, and small conductance ΔG and small capacitance ΔC are distributed between the grounds. 【Features】 ○ When a line of length l is connected to a load Zr, the impedance including the line is no longer Zr. ○ If βl is very small, Z = Zr. For more details, please contact us or download the catalog.
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【Features】 ○ It is necessary to treat patterns as distributed constant circuits, that is, transmission lines, when the length of the line cannot be ignored in relation to the wavelength. ○ The characteristics of the transmission line change depending on the wavelength used. ○ By using it in accordance with the frequency, a simple line can be utilized as a single element. ○ In the case of lines with a small attenuation constant, such as microstrip lines within the pattern, they are often treated as lossless lines for ease of handling. ○ When a load Zr is connected to a lossless line with characteristic impedance Zo, the voltage and current at any point l from the receiving end towards the power supply side are represented by a formula. ● For more details, please contact us or download the catalog.
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<Company Description> - Development and sales of the high-frequency and microwave circuit/electromagnetic field simulator "S-NAP Microwave Suite" - Development and sales of the embedded printed circuit board simulator "S-NAP PCB Suite"