We have compiled a list of manufacturers, distributors, product information, reference prices, and rankings for Electric actuator.
ipros is IPROS GMS ・ IPROS One of the largest technical database sites in Japan that collects information on.

Electric actuator(thk) - List of Manufacturers, Suppliers, Companies and Products | IPROS GMS

Electric actuator Product List

31～56 item / All 56 items

Displayed results
Electric Actuator CSKR, CGL (Clean) [THK Official]

Electric Actuator CSKR, CGL (Clean) [THK Official]

Adopting a low-dust structure, ideal for clean environments! Achieving high speed, high rigidity, and long-term maintenance-free operation!

THK's electric actuator Super FA Series CSKR/CGL features a covering structure that achieves low dust generation, making it suitable for transport and inspection applications in clean environments within the electronics, food, and medical industries. Additionally, it offers high speed of up to 2000mm/s, high rigidity due to the use of U-shaped cross-section outer rails, and long-term maintenance-free operation thanks to the incorporation of ball retainers. Furthermore, the related links provide a wealth of detailed product information, including product catalogs, user manuals, 2D and 3D CAD files, a list of compatible control devices, selection materials, technical information programs, and specifications and dimension drawings. Please take a look at these as well.

  • Semiconductor inspection/test equipment
  • Electric actuator

Added to bookmarks

Bookmarks list

Bookmark has been removed

Bookmarks list

You can't add any more bookmarks

By registering as a member, you can increase the number of bookmarks you can save and organize them with labels.

Free membership registration
Electric Actuator GLM (Linear Motor) [THK Official]

Electric Actuator GLM (Linear Motor) [THK Official]

Achieving high thrust and high acceleration.

The THK electric actuator Linear Motor Series GLM (core-equipped flat type) can accommodate long strokes that cannot be handled by ball screw drives. By connecting the base in a specification that allows for it, strokes of over 4 meters are also possible. It features high speed and high acceleration/deceleration due to the adoption of linear motors, high precision achieved through linear encoders, and the use of independently controllable multi-sliders. These features make it suitable for applications such as LCD glass inspection equipment that require high-speed operation even with long strokes, and nut runners that require multi-sliders. Additionally, the related links provide a wealth of technical information, including detailed product descriptions, product catalogs, user manuals, 2D and 3D CAD files, selection materials, and technical calculation programs. Please take a look at those as well.

  • Semiconductor inspection/test equipment
  • Actuator
  • Other FA equipment
  • Electric actuator

Added to bookmarks

Bookmarks list

Bookmark has been removed

Bookmarks list

You can't add any more bookmarks

By registering as a member, you can increase the number of bookmarks you can save and organize them with labels.

Free membership registration
Electric Actuator KR-RL (Compact) [THK Official]

Electric Actuator KR-RL (Compact) [THK Official]

Easily achieve the movements of "grasping, opening and closing, and left-right symmetry."

The THK electric actuator Compact Series KR-RL is an LM guide actuator that employs left and right screws in the KR model. By using a single motor to perform the symmetrical "open" and "close" movements, it enables a wide range of applications such as gripping, measuring, and positioning. Additionally, its four-direction load structure allows for use in any orientation. The modular design significantly reduces the number of components in the product, streamlining procurement, delivery management, design, and assembly processes, which shortens the lead time to complete the equipment. As a result, it is utilized in various devices, including robot arm end effectors, screw tightening machines, cutting devices, and dispensers. Furthermore, the related links provide more detailed product descriptions, product catalogs, user manuals, 2D and 3D CAD files, selection materials, and a wealth of technical information. Please take a look at these as well.

  • Power Transmission Equipment
  • Electric actuator

Added to bookmarks

Bookmarks list

Bookmark has been removed

Bookmarks list

You can't add any more bookmarks

By registering as a member, you can increase the number of bookmarks you can save and organize them with labels.

Free membership registration
Linear Motor Actuator "GLM-AP"

Linear Motor Actuator "GLM-AP"

Short delivery items - semi-custom orders available from just 10 days! Capable of high-speed transport with long strokes.

We would like to introduce our linear motor actuator, the 'GLM-AP'. We have standardized specifications that often require custom needs, making it easier to select. By choosing a scale-less specification, cost reduction is possible. With excellent uniformity and high positioning accuracy, it is suitable for use in electronic components including LCDs, automotive parts, medical-related applications, and general industry. 【Features】 ■ Standardized specifications that often require custom needs, making it easier to choose a linear motor actuator ■ Cost reduction of linear motor actuators is possible by selecting a scale-less specification ■ Estimates and CAD data can be provided in as little as one day ■ Delivery can be provided in as little as 10 days from order to delivery *For more details, please download the PDF or feel free to contact us.

  • 1-2.PNG
  • 1-3.PNG
  • 1-4.PNG
  • Actuator
  • Electric actuator

Added to bookmarks

Bookmarks list

Bookmark has been removed

Bookmarks list

You can't add any more bookmarks

By registering as a member, you can increase the number of bookmarks you can save and organize them with labels.

Free membership registration
THK Electric Actuator "Compact Series"

THK Electric Actuator "Compact Series"

It is a compact, high-rigidity, and high-precision electric actuator!

The Compact Series is a compact, high-rigidity, and high-precision electric actuator that features an inner block with an integrated LM block and ball screw nut placed inside the outer rail, which has a high-rigidity U-shaped cross-section. Additionally, since the housing A/B serves as a support unit and the inner block also functions as a table, it significantly reduces design and assembly man-hours, allowing for a total cost reduction. We offer a lineup including "SKR," which is high-rigidity, high-speed, and maintenance-free for long periods, and "KR," which is high-rigidity, high-speed, and available in a variety of sizes. For more details, please contact us or refer to the catalog.

  • Actuator
  • Electric actuator

Added to bookmarks

Bookmarks list

Bookmark has been removed

Bookmarks list

You can't add any more bookmarks

By registering as a member, you can increase the number of bookmarks you can save and organize them with labels.

Free membership registration
Prevention of continuous production of defective products and reduction of rework losses. Tool defect detection using AI.

Prevention of continuous production of defective products and reduction of rework losses. Tool defect detection using AI.

Proposing a tool monitoring AI solution. Real-time detection of cutting tool breakage and chipping! Preventing continuous production of defective products and reducing waste.

Are you struggling with continuous production of defective products due to cutting tool damage or chipping, as well as losses from tool changes? For solving these issues, we recommend the tool monitoring AI solution 'OMNI edge.' The AI learns the processing waveform for each tool with every machining operation, estimating damage, chipping, and wear levels. With easy and speedy implementation, it achieves high-precision anomaly detection. [Reasons for Recommendation] No selection needed: Sensors, communication environment, monitoring app, and alert functions are all provided in one package. Easy installation: Sensing is done by clamping a CT to the motor cable, making installation simple. No setup required: Data acquisition and analysis start from the day of installation without threshold or parameter settings. High precision: Automatic detection accuracy improvement through data accumulation and AI analysis. *For more details, please refer to the materials available by downloading the catalog. You can also see examples from manufacturing sites of automotive and machine parts.

  • s1.png
  • s2.png
  • s3.png
  • s4.png
  • Other security and surveillance systems
  • Electric actuator

Added to bookmarks

Bookmarks list

Bookmark has been removed

Bookmarks list

You can't add any more bookmarks

By registering as a member, you can increase the number of bookmarks you can save and organize them with labels.

Free membership registration
THK Linear Motor Actuator (GLM20AP)

THK Linear Motor Actuator (GLM20AP)

Optimal for high speed, high acceleration and deceleration, and multi-slider.

By adopting a newly designed movable core, we have suppressed temperature rise and complied with UL standards. Additionally, by selecting the connector box, we can also meet CE marking requirements. This is a linear motor actuator that achieves high speed, high acceleration, and high precision, while complying with overseas standards for safety and reliability.

  • Anti-vibration, earthquake-proof, vibration-isolating devices
  • NC unit
  • Electric actuator

Added to bookmarks

Bookmarks list

Bookmark has been removed

Bookmarks list

You can't add any more bookmarks

By registering as a member, you can increase the number of bookmarks you can save and organize them with labels.

Free membership registration
Electric Actuator KSF (Compact) [THK Official]

Electric Actuator KSF (Compact) [THK Official]

The increase in the diameter of the ball screw enables longer strokes and achieves high speed and high acceleration! Extended lifespan due to improved specifications.

The THK electric actuator Compact Series KSF (featuring a large-diameter ball screw) is an LM guide actuator based on the KR model. By increasing the diameter of the ball screw, it achieves a long stroke of up to 1500mm while maintaining the same size as conventional products, enabling a maximum speed of 2500mm/s and a maximum acceleration/deceleration of 4G, which improves productivity by approximately 40% through reduced cycle times. Additionally, with a long lifespan of 20,000km, it enhances operational efficiency and reduces the inventory of spare parts. Due to its high speed and long stroke features, it has been adopted for the automation of workpiece packing tasks previously performed by operators, resulting in reduced labor costs and shorter packing cycle times. It is also used in the nozzle operation part of sealing devices, where suppressing the vibrations of the nozzle tip with a large overhang has improved productivity. Furthermore, the related links provide more detailed product descriptions, product catalogs, operation manuals, 2D and 3D CAD files, selection materials, and a wealth of technical information. Please take a look at these as well.

  • Power Transmission Equipment
  • Electric actuator

Added to bookmarks

Bookmarks list

Bookmark has been removed

Bookmarks list

You can't add any more bookmarks

By registering as a member, you can increase the number of bookmarks you can save and organize them with labels.

Free membership registration
TALK Fan August Issue (Vol. 87)

TALK Fan August Issue (Vol. 87)

You can view the talk system's newsletter "TALK Fan" on Ipros!

***【August Issue Lineup】(☆…Featured Articles)*** ☆ Hydraulic System Super Unit (Daikin Oil Hydraulic Engineering Co., Ltd.) ☆ TALK Exhibition Participation Information Kansai Mechanical Element Technology Exhibition ☆ Electric Actuator Economy Series Thin Lightweight Turntable ET (THK) ☆ Suction Pad VSP Series (CKD) ・ Introduction to Talk System Business Office (Suwa Sales Office) ・ Quick Clamper Basic Course (7th Period) "TF Treatment and Stainless Steel 1" ・ Standard Machine Parts Product Catalog 2016 (Imao) ・ Word Heritage (Issue 59) "Famous Quotes About Mountains" ・ Colorful Sketch (27th Color) "Sunflower" ・ Take a Break "Watermelon"

  • valve
  • Sensors
  • Electric actuator

Added to bookmarks

Bookmarks list

Bookmark has been removed

Bookmarks list

You can't add any more bookmarks

By registering as a member, you can increase the number of bookmarks you can save and organize them with labels.

Free membership registration
TALK Fan December Issue (Vol. 55)

TALK Fan December Issue (Vol. 55)

You can view the talk system's newsletter "TALK Fan" on Ipros!

This month is packed with useful information and new product updates! ***【December Issue Lineup】(☆…Featured Articles)*** ☆【Coming Soon!】Top Runner Motor System ☆【Until 12/27!】Sanki Kogyo "DIY Kit Conveyor" ☆【New Large Size!】THK "Electric Actuator Compact Series SKR 55/65" ★New Product★ ・【Reliable Standard Product!】Chiyoda Tsusho "Full Flow Energy-Saving Coupling Mega Flow X" ・【Quick Clamper News】 Introduction of New Demo Machine 5 "Versatile Workbench" ・Introduction to Lighting for Beginners (Section 1 Basic Knowledge of Units) "2. Color of Light ~ Color Temperature ~" ・Notice of Year-End and New Year Holidays ・Word Heritage (Issue 26) "Famous Quotes on Desire" ・Color Treasure Box (Nineteen Layers) "Moss" ・Take a Break and Look "Memories"

  • LED lighting
  • Belts and pulleys
  • Actuator
  • Electric actuator

Added to bookmarks

Bookmarks list

Bookmark has been removed

Bookmarks list

You can't add any more bookmarks

By registering as a member, you can increase the number of bookmarks you can save and organize them with labels.

Free membership registration
Electric Actuator / Clean Series "CKRF"

Electric Actuator / Clean Series "CKRF"

Compatible with Cleanliness Class 4! Low dust emission, high rigidity, and reasonably priced clean actuators!

Perfect for clean environments! The new "Clean Series CKRF" features a full cover structure achieved with side covers and top strip seals! It has achieved ISO14644-1 Class 4 (equivalent to FED209E Class 10) through suction connections. 【Main Features】 ○ Low dust generation, compatible with clean rooms ○ High rigidity ○ Reasonable price *Cleanliness may vary depending on usage conditions.

  • Actuator
  • Drive system parts
  • Electric actuator

Added to bookmarks

Bookmarks list

Bookmark has been removed

Bookmarks list

You can't add any more bookmarks

By registering as a member, you can increase the number of bookmarks you can save and organize them with labels.

Free membership registration
Compact and high rigidity! / Electric actuator "SKR 55/65"

Compact and high rigidity! / Electric actuator "SKR 55/65"

A new large size of the compact and high-rigidity "SKR" is now available! It enables the transport of even larger items!

The large size of the compact series electric actuator "SKR," known for its high rigidity, high speed, and long-term maintenance-free operation, is now available! Applications in processing, assembly, inspection, and transportation will further expand! ▼ Features <High Rigidity and High Precision> The SKR 55/65 is a compact, high-rigidity, and high-precision actuator that incorporates a ball screw nut into an LM block and positions the inner block inside an outer rail with a high-rigidity U-shaped cross-section. <Cost Reduction Achieved> Since the housings on both sides serve as support units and the inner block also functions as a table, significant reductions in design and assembly labor can be achieved, allowing for overall cost reduction. ▼ Other Features ○ High Speed ○ Four-direction Equal Load ○ Long Lifespan ○ Long-term Maintenance-free ○ Low Noise and Good Sound Quality ○ Mounting Dimension Compatibility with KR 55/65* *Some dimensions may differ. ▼ For more details, please refer to "Detailed Information" or "Catalog"!

  • Actuator
  • Electric actuator

Added to bookmarks

Bookmarks list

Bookmark has been removed

Bookmarks list

You can't add any more bookmarks

By registering as a member, you can increase the number of bookmarks you can save and organize them with labels.

Free membership registration
電動アクチュエータ／コンパクトシリーズ「KSF」

電動アクチュエータ／コンパクトシリーズ「KSF」

ボールねじ軸の大径化による、高速・高加減速度・ロングストローク 対応！

ボールねじ軸の大径化・大リード化による ・最高速度2000mm/s ・加減速度 最大2G ・最大1500mmのロングストローク を実現した「コンパクトシリーズ KSF」が新登場！ 【主な特長】 ○モータ定格出力アップ ○高速・高加減速《最高速度2000mm/s 最大加減速2G》 ○長寿命《20,000km》 ○ロングストローク《最大ストローク1500mm》 ○長期メンテナンスフリー ○フルカバー構造《発塵量低減》 ○コンパクト・軽量 ○豊富なラインナップ

  • Actuator
  • Drive system parts
  • Electric actuator

Added to bookmarks

Bookmarks list

Bookmark has been removed

Bookmarks list

You can't add any more bookmarks

By registering as a member, you can increase the number of bookmarks you can save and organize them with labels.

Free membership registration
Electric Actuator Controller Series DM-B

Electric Actuator Controller Series DM-B

Pulse sequence control controller

It is a controller that can be directly controlled by pulse sequences from a PLC or computer.

  • Servo
  • Electric actuator

Added to bookmarks

Bookmarks list

Bookmark has been removed

Bookmarks list

You can't add any more bookmarks

By registering as a member, you can increase the number of bookmarks you can save and organize them with labels.

Free membership registration
Electric Actuator Controller Series HS-LXM

Electric Actuator Controller Series HS-LXM

Multi-axis use: 1 to 8 axes, 5000 points

The Super FA HS-LXM is a new type of controller that enables the construction of a control system with up to 8 axes by combining various units, actuators, and Mitsubishi Electric's MR-J3 series motors.

  • Servo
  • Electric actuator

Added to bookmarks

Bookmarks list

Bookmark has been removed

Bookmarks list

You can't add any more bookmarks

By registering as a member, you can increase the number of bookmarks you can save and organize them with labels.

Free membership registration
Electric Actuator Super FA Series KT

Electric Actuator Super FA Series KT

Electric actuator ideal for high-tact action.

KT is an actuator equipped with an outer rotor motor.

  • Semiconductor inspection/test equipment
  • Actuator
  • Other FA equipment
  • Electric actuator

Added to bookmarks

Bookmarks list

Bookmark has been removed

Bookmarks list

You can't add any more bookmarks

By registering as a member, you can increase the number of bookmarks you can save and organize them with labels.

Free membership registration
Electric Actuator Super FA Series AST

Electric Actuator Super FA Series AST

Electric actuator optimal for high-tact action.

AST is an actuator equipped with an outer rotor motor.

  • Actuator
  • Other FA equipment
  • Electric actuator

Added to bookmarks

Bookmarks list

Bookmark has been removed

Bookmarks list

You can't add any more bookmarks

By registering as a member, you can increase the number of bookmarks you can save and organize them with labels.

Free membership registration
Electric Actuator Linear Motor Series GLS

Electric Actuator Linear Motor Series GLS

Core-equipped flat-type electric actuator

This is a linear motor actuator compatible with GLM20. By adopting an LM guide with ball retainers, it achieves low noise and low vibration operation.

  • Semiconductor inspection/test equipment
  • Actuator
  • Other FA equipment
  • Electric actuator

Added to bookmarks

Bookmarks list

Bookmark has been removed

Bookmarks list

You can't add any more bookmarks

By registering as a member, you can increase the number of bookmarks you can save and organize them with labels.

Free membership registration
Electric Actuator Controller Series LXA, LXA-S

Electric Actuator Controller Series LXA, LXA-S

For multi-axis: 1 to 4 axes, for single-axis: 2000 points.

A controller that achieves high-speed and high-precision control.

  • Servo
  • Electric actuator

Added to bookmarks

Bookmarks list

Bookmark has been removed

Bookmarks list

You can't add any more bookmarks

By registering as a member, you can increase the number of bookmarks you can save and organize them with labels.

Free membership registration
Electric Actuator Linear Motor Series RDM

Electric Actuator Linear Motor Series RDM

Coreless rod type linear motor actuator

Due to the coreless structure, no suction force occurs between the forsa (movable part) and the magnet rod (stator). Additionally, because coils are arranged around the entire circumference of the magnet rod, the efficiency of magnetic flux utilization is increased.

  • Semiconductor inspection/test equipment
  • Actuator
  • Other FA equipment
  • Electric actuator

Added to bookmarks

Bookmarks list

Bookmark has been removed

Bookmarks list

You can't add any more bookmarks

By registering as a member, you can increase the number of bookmarks you can save and organize them with labels.

Free membership registration
Electric Actuator Compact Series SKR55/65

Electric Actuator Compact Series SKR55/65

Addition of large size to the "SKR" retainer type lineup.

We have added a large size lineup to the compact series of electric actuators, retainer type "SKR."

  • Actuator
  • Other FA equipment
  • Electric actuator

Added to bookmarks

Bookmarks list

Bookmark has been removed

Bookmarks list

You can't add any more bookmarks

By registering as a member, you can increase the number of bookmarks you can save and organize them with labels.

Free membership registration
Electric Actuator Linear Motor Series RDM-mini

Electric Actuator Linear Motor Series RDM-mini

Coreless rod type, small linear motor actuator.

The RDM-mini is a linear motor actuator that reduces the occurrence of eddy current loss through a coreless structure, lightweight slider, and the use of resin materials.

  • Semiconductor inspection/test equipment
  • Actuator
  • Other FA equipment
  • Electric actuator

Added to bookmarks

Bookmarks list

Bookmark has been removed

Bookmarks list

You can't add any more bookmarks

By registering as a member, you can increase the number of bookmarks you can save and organize them with labels.

Free membership registration
Automotive Manufacturing Skill Management AI Solution

Automotive Manufacturing Skill Management AI Solution

Visualize employee skills to enhance talent development and improve operational efficiency!

In the automotive manufacturing field, the inheritance of skills due to the retirement of skilled workers and the efficiency of human resource development are pressing issues. Our "Skill Management AI Solution" contributes to solving these challenges by visualizing employee skills and supporting the planning of human resource development and optimal personnel allocation. 【Usage Scenarios】 - Inheriting the skills of skilled workers on the automotive production line - Planning development programs for new employees - Optimal personnel allocation during equipment anomalies - Appropriate task distribution based on employee skills 【Implementation Effects】 - Achieving efficiency in human resource development by visualizing employee skills - Contributing to productivity improvement and quality stabilization through appropriate personnel allocation - Predicting equipment anomalies in advance through collaboration with OMNIedge, enabling appropriate responses - Leading to increased employee motivation and retention rates

  • others
  • Electric actuator

Added to bookmarks

Bookmarks list

Bookmark has been removed

Bookmarks list

You can't add any more bookmarks

By registering as a member, you can increase the number of bookmarks you can save and organize them with labels.

Free membership registration
Skill Management AI Solution for Food Manufacturing

Skill Management AI Solution for Food Manufacturing

Visualize employee skills and optimize talent allocation!

In the food manufacturing industry, skill management of personnel is primarily conducted using paper or Excel, making information sharing and analysis difficult. Are you considering visualizing employee skills and optimizing personnel placement to improve productivity and streamline talent development? Our company offers a "Skill Management AI Solution" that visualizes employee skills and optimizes personnel allocation. 【Use Cases】 - Employee skill information is scattered and difficult to grasp. - There is a shortage of personnel with the necessary skills. - It is challenging to create a talent development plan. - It is difficult to assign the appropriate maintenance personnel during equipment anomalies. 【Benefits of Implementation】 - Increased productivity through optimized personnel allocation - Reduction in issues caused by skill shortages - Improved employee motivation - Streamlined talent development

  • others
  • Electric actuator

Added to bookmarks

Bookmarks list

Bookmark has been removed

Bookmarks list

You can't add any more bookmarks

By registering as a member, you can increase the number of bookmarks you can save and organize them with labels.

Free membership registration
Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Skill Management AI Solution

Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Skill Management AI Solution

Visualize employee skills and optimize talent allocation!

In the pharmaceutical manufacturing field, personnel with advanced expertise and skills are essential. However, understanding employee skills and making appropriate personnel assignments is not easy. Managing this with paper or Excel makes information sharing difficult and hinders the optimization of talent development and placement. Our "Skill Management AI Solution" visualizes employee skills and supports the optimization of personnel assignments, achieving greater efficiency in talent development and increased productivity. 【Usage Scenarios】 - Optimization of personnel assignments in pharmaceutical manufacturing - Skill transfer from experienced veteran employees - Talent development associated with the introduction of new equipment - Improvement of response capabilities in emergencies 【Effects of Implementation】 - By visualizing employee skills, appropriate personnel assignments become possible, contributing to increased productivity. - Streamlining the formulation and progress management of talent development plans enhances the quality of talent development. - Collaboration with OMNIedge accelerates responses during abnormal occurrences and reduces downtime.

  • others
  • Electric actuator

Added to bookmarks

Bookmarks list

Bookmark has been removed

Bookmarks list

You can't add any more bookmarks

By registering as a member, you can increase the number of bookmarks you can save and organize them with labels.

Free membership registration
Comprehensive management of retained capabilities for the manufacturing industry! Skill management AI solution.

Comprehensive management of retained capabilities for the manufacturing industry! Skill management AI solution.

Centralized management and visualization of who has which skills at what levels! Dramatically streamline skill management!

Talent development and skill transfer in the manufacturing industry are critical issues that influence a company's competitiveness. Traditional management methods using paper or Excel make information sharing and analysis difficult, hindering the efficiency of talent development and appropriate personnel allocation. Our "Skill Management AI Solution" addresses these challenges by centralizing and visualizing employee skills in the cloud. [Usage Scenarios] - Prevent the outflow of know-how due to the retirement of skilled workers. - Shorten the training period for new employees. - Place the right personnel in the right positions. - Quickly assign the optimal maintenance personnel in the event of equipment anomalies. - Improve the efficiency of talent development. [Benefits of Implementation] - By planning talent development based on skill data, we can achieve greater efficiency and effectiveness in training. - Appropriate personnel allocation can enhance operational efficiency and make better use of human resources. - By integrating with predictive maintenance data, we can reduce equipment downtime and contribute to increased productivity. - Analyzing skill data allows us to identify challenges and areas for improvement in talent development, enabling the formulation of more effective talent development strategies.

  • others
  • Electric actuator

Added to bookmarks

Bookmarks list

Bookmark has been removed

Bookmarks list

You can't add any more bookmarks

By registering as a member, you can increase the number of bookmarks you can save and organize them with labels.

Free membership registration

Search Keywords Related to Electric actuator

Related Categories of Electric actuator

COPYRIGHT © 2001-2026 IPROS CORPORATION ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.