FsTech List of Products and Services

Diesel engines need to focus on reducing fuel consumption while maintaining high performance standards. From this perspective, direct-injection turbo diesel engines are one attractive solution, and when developing these engines, reducing fuel consumption and maintaining high performance standards, along with reducing exhaust emissions, become important challenges. Both issues of fuel consumption and emissions can be addressed through mechanisms within the engine. In the development of the engine combustion process, 3D CFD analysis is an important tool that allows for the investigation of flow within the cylinder, the formation and combustion of the internal mixture, as well as the formation of exhaust products. *For more detailed information, please refer to the related links. For further details, you can download the PDF or feel free to contact us.*

With the improvement in electric vehicle performance, the high output of batteries has progressed, and the increase in power consumption has also led to an increase in heat generation. Therefore, to ensure stable operation of the battery and maximize its performance, the design of an efficient cooling structure is essential. In particular, temperature management of the battery pack is directly related to the lifespan and safety of the cells, necessitating the design of an optimal heat dissipation mechanism. In this case study, we focused on a finned heat sink structure and conducted optimization aimed at improving thermal exchange efficiency. *For more details, please refer to the related links. For further information, you can download the PDF or feel free to contact us.*

In electric vehicles, the motor is a crucial power component responsible for driving the vehicle, and appropriate thermal management is essential to maintain its performance and durability. In particular, the cooling system plays an important role in efficiently dissipating heat from inside the motor and ensuring stable operation. In optimizing the thermal design of the motor, it is necessary to study appropriate cooling effects through various design patterns to maximize cooling performance. During the optimization process, design parameters such as the number and diameter of flow paths, the inclination angle and arrangement of end windings become important factors. Furthermore, to enhance cooling efficiency, careful attention must also be paid to flow control and temperature management of the end windings. In this case study, optimization aimed at minimizing the maximum temperature was conducted based on a flexible parametric model. The motor, composed of a stator and rotor, defines design variables that allow for various shape changes, leading to the derivation of appropriate flow path patterns. *For more detailed information, please refer to the related link. For further details, you can download the PDF or feel free to contact us.*

The battery is one of the most important components in electric vehicles (EVs), and its performance and lifespan have a significant impact on the vehicle's driving range, safety, and even energy efficiency. In particular, the operating temperature of the battery is directly related to the charging and discharging efficiency and degradation rate, making proper temperature management essential. If the temperature is not adequately controlled, issues such as accelerated degradation due to overheating, reduced safety, or, conversely, decreased output and charging efficiency in low-temperature environments may arise. Therefore, the thermal design of the battery pack is a crucial factor in maximizing the performance of EVs and ensuring long-term durability. In this case study, we constructed a parametric battery model with flexible deformation and conducted optimization calculations aimed at minimizing the maximum temperature. *For more details, please refer to the related links. For further information, feel free to download the PDF or contact us.*

The exhaust pipe installed in a vehicle plays an important role in efficiently processing the engine's exhaust gases. The performance regarding the flow of exhaust gases is directly linked to the overall exhaust efficiency and environmental performance of the vehicle, and particularly, pressure loss and flow uniformity are essential factors in maintaining the optimal function of the exhaust system. By improving these characteristics, it is possible to contribute to enhanced engine performance, improved fuel efficiency, and reduced exhaust emissions. In this case, we improved performance by optimizing the shape of the exhaust pipe using the automatic optimization feature, one of the powerful design support functions of CAESES. *For more details, you can view the related links. For more information, please download the PDF or feel free to contact us.*

In propeller design, achieving optimal efficiency and performance is extremely important. Recently, by effectively combining AI and CFD, we were able to win an online propeller design contest hosted by a popular YouTube creator. In this contest, we were able to create two high-performance propellers that demonstrated excellent efficiency using "CAESES" and "AirShaper." *For more details, you can view the related links. For more information, please download the PDF or feel free to contact us.*

One of the representative companies in China's shipping industry, MARIC (Marine Design & Research Institute of China), first utilized CAESES for a project focused on the optimization of hull shapes for container ships. In their research, MARIC engineers selected a baseline with excellent performance and attempted to reduce hull resistance at speeds of 18 knots and 27 knots. The constraints here were the length between perpendiculars, width, and draft, which were fixed values, while the variation in displacement was limited to ±0.5%. *For more detailed information, please refer to the related links. You can download the PDF for more details or feel free to contact us.*

To optimize the hydrodynamic performance of the hull using the parametric modeling and optimization software CAESES, we first extract design variables related to the deformation of the hull's variable geometry. By increasing the number of design variables in this process, we can obtain a wider variety of deformation shapes, which in turn increases the likelihood of achieving better hull design proposals. However, the number of computational cases required for simulations (such as CFD analysis) increases exponentially (recommended number of cases S = 2^N, where N is the number of design variables), leading to significantly larger computational and time costs. To address this issue, CAESES5 offers a dimensionality reduction feature based on Principal Component Analysis (PCA) methods. *For more detailed information, please refer to the related links. For further details, feel free to download the PDF or contact us.*

In the maritime industry, the demand for improving energy efficiency and reducing emissions to meet environmental regulations continues to grow year by year. As a result, traditional propeller designs are insufficient to meet this demand, making unconventional designs, such as tip rake propellers, that can enhance energy efficiency and minimize environmental impact increasingly important. *For more detailed information, please refer to the related links. For further details, you can download the PDF or feel free to contact us.*

In ship shape optimization, considering the analysis time and computational resource costs for a single case, engineers need to find an optimal design solution with as few computational cases as possible. Therefore, the selection of a rational optimization strategy becomes particularly important. This article introduces ship optimization using the general-purpose optimization platform AIPOD. *For more details, you can view the related links. For further information, please download the PDF or feel free to contact us.*

Do you all know about "efoil"? An efoil is an electric foil board that allows you to experience the sensation of flying above the water. Here, we will introduce some aspects of the propeller design that comes with the foil board, as discussed by a CAESES user with FRIENDSHIP SYSTEMS, the developer of CAESES. *You can view the detailed content of the article through the related links. For more information, please download the PDF or feel free to contact us.*

This article introduces the use of CAESES in propeller blade design by Caterpillar Propulsion, a manufacturer of construction and mining machinery and industrial machinery. The overall idea behind FRIENDSHIP SYSTEMS, the developer of the CAD + optimization software CAESES, when implementing CAESES for Caterpillar Propulsion was to integrate and control all software used (mesh generation and simulation software) and to implement it as a kind of workbench. At this time, CAESES can provide 3D parametric blade design that allows engineers to improve existing blades and profile definitions, while also offering high flexibility to try out new designs. *For more detailed information, please refer to the related links. For more details, you can download the PDF or feel free to contact us.

In propeller modeling, a similar design approach is often applied. Typically, the blades are constructed based on functions such as rake, skew, and pitch, along with the definition of the profile section. By adding parameters such as the number of blades and the propeller diameter, the final propeller model is created. CAESES is equipped with features and workflows for designing propeller CAD models quickly and flexibly, suitable for automatic shape optimization using CFD. This process can be divided into the following steps. *For more detailed information, please refer to the related links. For further details, you can download the PDF or feel free to contact us.*

We will introduce the parametric model of a twin-skeg vessel created by FRIENDSHIP SYSTEMS, the developer of the CAD + optimization software CAESES. In cases where the shape is symmetrical, only half of the hull is typically modeled. With CAESES, it is possible to robustly construct a model that incorporates the deformations anticipated by the user. *For more detailed information, please refer to the related links. For further details, you can download the PDF or feel free to contact us.

Many studies have been conducted on improving the efficiency of ships through the reduction of overall energy consumption. There are many considerations to achieve efficient ship design, starting with the optimization of the ship's operational profile (such as speed and load) and continuing into the early design stages. Among the representative methods are hull optimization and propeller optimization. Related to propellers, there is a device called the Propeller Boss Cap Fins (PBCF). *For more details, you can view the related links. For further information, please download the PDF or feel free to contact us.*

In pursuit of achieving carbon neutrality, the implementation of the existing ship energy efficiency index (EEXI) and the annual fuel consumption rating system (CII) will begin on January 1, 2023. This regulation will introduce new challenges in the operation of commercial vessels, requiring shipowners to evaluate and improve their vessels in accordance with regulatory requirements. To continue international navigation and trade activities as before, there are conditions such as obtaining certificates, making it very important to engage in optimization from a fluid dynamics perspective. *For more detailed information, you can view the related links. For further details, please download the PDF or feel free to contact us.*

An electric hydrofoil board (efoil) is a type of water sport that adds propulsion to a foil board, utilizing the buoyancy of an underwater wing (foil). A foil board has a foil mounted on its underside, shaped like a surfboard, and when it exceeds a certain speed, the buoyancy lifts the board off the water's surface, allowing the rider to enjoy a state of floating with no resistance. In a typical foil board without a propulsion device, movement requires shifting the center of gravity (pumping) to gain speed, especially in the absence of wind. However, with the electric hydrofoil board in question, you can continue to move across the water simply by controlling the power of the jet propulsion. *For more detailed information, please refer to the related links. For further inquiries, feel free to download the PDF or contact us.*

This article focuses on the software connection in the shape optimization process using OpenFOAM and CAESES. The application targeted is a propeller blade, and the connection between external software and CAESES can be established quickly, allowing for the rapid initiation of automatic optimization and design considerations for the blade. The collaboration between CAESES and OpenFOAM has been utilized in various cases, and tutorials and sample files are available within CAESES. This collaborative system using open-source software is highly efficient and can greatly benefit from optimization calculations. *For more detailed information, please refer to the related links. For further details, you can download the PDF or feel free to contact us.*

In parametric modeling using CAESES, shape control is performed using the created model and the functions that serve as design parameters. However, there may be situations where the values of the design parameters are unknown, and there may be cases where one wishes to obtain design parameters from an already created model. The case introduced here is part of a project undertaken by a graduate student at Hamburg University of Technology. The method devised to determine design parameters from geometry for ship shape optimization is expected to be applicable in many other applications as well. *For more detailed information, please refer to the related links. For further details, you can download the PDF or feel free to contact us.*

FRIENDSHIP SYSTEMS, the developer of CAESES, has contributed to the reduction of energy consumption and CO2 emissions not only through support for the improvement of turbo machinery and engine-related parts but also for vessels. This article will introduce the experiences in design and improvement for CO2 emission reduction and how much annual CO2 emissions have been reduced by utilizing CAESES. *For detailed content of the article, please refer to the related link. For more information, feel free to download the PDF or contact us.

The research and development project VIT-VI focuses on artificial intelligence (AI) technology and its application in the development of virtual and sustainable aircraft engines. The emphasis is on building and enhancing AI capabilities, as well as increasing the use of artificial intelligence technology to improve productivity in data and simulation-driven design. CAESES offers the potential to automate the design investigation and optimization process of shapes in complex flows. *For more detailed information, please refer to the related link. You can download the PDF for more details or feel free to contact us.*

This article introduces the air intake optimization of ramjet engines using AIPOD, our self-developed optimization platform. Ramjet engines are designed for air intake at Mach numbers of 3 and above, where the mixture flows in and the exit becomes subsonic, making it a type of jet engine. To accommodate different flight Mach numbers, a center cone called a spike can be moved forward and backward, and when the maximum flight Mach number of 3.5 is reached, the Mach line formed at the tapered vertex intersects exactly with the lip. *For more detailed information, please refer to the related links. For further details, you can download the PDF or feel free to contact us.

Aircraft engine manufacturers are working daily on product development to meet the stringent demands of reducing exhaust emissions and fuel consumption. This effort requires further improvements in the design process to efficiently create aerodynamically superior compressor designs. In recent years, developing appropriate blade shapes that meet global design and performance requirements with high efficiency has necessitated numerous iterative calculations between different software tools for shape creation and fluid analysis. *For more detailed information, please refer to the related links. For further details, you can download the PDF or feel free to contact us.*

The Wright brothers first flew over a century ago, but now we live in an era where we can fly efficiently and affordably to the far corners of the world. In the future, it is expected that supersonic and hypersonic flights exceeding Mach 5 at altitudes above 90,000 feet will allow travel from the UK to Australia in just four hours, and this remarkable achievement could be realized within 20 years. Even more impressive is the development of spaceplanes that bridge the realms of air and space. *For more details, please refer to the related links. For further information, you can download the PDF or feel free to contact us.*

UAVs are controlled by a wireless remote control device and an embedded program control device, and they are classified into various forms such as unmanned fixed-wing aircraft, unmanned vertical take-off and landing vehicles, unmanned airships, unmanned helicopters, and unmanned multi-rotor aircraft. Their applications are wide-ranging, including aerial photography, agriculture, disaster relief, infectious disease monitoring, mapping, journalism, and film and television production. For optimization, a fully parametric blade model targeting the wing shape of unmanned aerial vehicles is created, and by integrating automated design with CFD analysis, appropriate design proposals are identified. *For more detailed information, please refer to the related links. For further inquiries, feel free to download the PDF or contact us.*

With the functional enhancements from the CAESES version upgrade and the development of external analysis software, optimization methods are not limited to a certain number and new methods are constantly being explored. There may be some who cannot envision the collaboration between optimization software like CAESES and the analysis software being used. Therefore, in this article, we will introduce two actual cases of ship shape optimization methods using CAESES. *For detailed content of the article, you can view it through the related links. For more information, please download the PDF or feel free to contact us.*

In the industry of operation, maintenance, and service for offshore wind power generation in Europe, which is expected to see significant growth in the future, fierce product competition is unfolding among companies. Related companies are pursuing "cost reduction of vessels," "high efficiency," and "high profitability" as much as possible to survive in the industry, advancing their design and development. The project introduced here involves the shape optimization of a SWATH vessel support ship with an innovative structure. *For detailed information, please refer to the related link. For more details, you can download the PDF or feel free to contact us.*

This article introduces the parametric design and optimization calculation system for hulls using CAESES. The role of CAESES in this instance is to evaluate design options for hull concepts and initial stages, with the background being a project promoting low-carbon maritime transportation. As part of this project, CAESES has been introduced for the design development of general cargo ships for the Republic of the Marshall Islands. *For more details, you can view the related links. For further information, please feel free to download the PDF or contact us.

One of the advantages of CAESES is its optimization design through an automation system connected to CFD software. This article introduces the blade shape optimization of marine propellers using OpenFOAM and CAESES, which is currently in use. In CAESES, in addition to methods for designing parametric 2D and 3D models, it is also possible to connect with various external software. *For more details, you can view the related links. For further information, please download the PDF or feel free to contact us.*

In the modified design of a self-elevating platform (SEP) vessel, a method is employed to reduce the pressure on the seabed by increasing the size of the spudcan (the legs of the jacking system). Additionally, to increase cargo capacity, the draft is increased, and sponsons (protrusions on the outside of the hull for improved stability) are added along the sides of the vessel. The upgraded spudcans and hull shape have a significant impact on the hydrodynamic characteristics. It is particularly noted that spudcans that are scaled up significantly in relation to the hull tend to show more pronounced effects. *For more detailed information, please refer to the related links. For further details, you can download the PDF or feel free to contact us.*

There is a tidal power plant off the coast of France, consisting of four turbines with a capacity of 2 MW each, capable of supplying electricity to up to 4,000 households, making it a large-scale grid-connected tidal power facility. The advantages include minimal environmental impact and safety for marine life. The tidal power turbines are designed to operate at a depth of about 35 meters with a diameter of approximately 16 meters. *For more detailed information, please refer to the related links. For further details, you can download the PDF or feel free to contact us.*

This time, we will introduce a case of optimization for bulk carriers by DNV GL, a European classification society. This case involves the optimization calculations for the hull and propeller of a bulk carrier. The hull in question is an Ultramax-sized hull called "Diamond 2." The optimization includes wave reduction, propulsion at the stern, twisting at the stern, and propeller design, with the shapes created using the CAD features of CAESES. *For more detailed information, please refer to the related links. For further details, you can download the PDF or feel free to contact us.*

The radial propeller (hereinafter referred to as VRP) developed by the German machinery manufacturer VOITH combines a fixed-pitch azimuth thruster and a steering system into a single unit. This design principle is effective for machines that require high output and reliability, as well as precise dynamic displacement. Especially in harsh environments such as icy waters and deep seas, special vessels for assembling semi-submersible platforms, drilling ships, and wind turbines can use the VRP to arrive at their destinations quickly and safely, while ensuring they can maintain their stopping position reliably. *For more detailed information, please refer to the related link. For further details, you can download the PDF or feel free to contact us.*

In ships, especially large vessels, the size and position of the internal spaces of the hull are considered in the concept design phase during the early stages of design. In the case of oil tankers, the layout design of the internal hull is examined as an optimization problem to evaluate the overall performance throughout the operational period. The objective function during optimization becomes multi-faceted, including economic benefits, safety, and environmental pollution prevention, with one of the evaluation criteria being the bending moment that occurs in the hull in relation to cargo carrying capacity. *For more detailed information, please refer to the related links. For further details, you can download the PDF or feel free to contact us.*

The sources of self-noise generated during the operation of watercraft can be classified into three categories. Propeller noise is generated by cavitation that occurs as the rotational speed increases, resulting in noise from the screw. Hydrodynamic noise includes all noise sources arising from the movement of submarines underwater. Mechanical noise is the mechanical sound produced by engines, control equipment, auxiliary machinery, etc., installed on the submarine. *For more detailed information, please refer to the related links. For further details, you can download the PDF or feel free to contact us.*

CAESES's hull parametric modeling, when combined with CFD software, facilitates the study of hull shapes (reducing resistance) and enables the design to optimize hull performance. The hull shape, particularly the forward shape, has a significant impact on hull resistance, making shape optimization crucial. With CAESES, hulls can be easily parameterized, allowing for straightforward adjustments to the hull shape. By generating multiple shape patterns and combining them with analysis tools, designs can be optimized according to various optimization objectives. *For more detailed information, please refer to the related links. For further details, you can download the PDF or feel free to contact us.*

The support structure of the ocean platform must withstand the effects of waves over a long period and must have sufficient strength. By using CAESES, it is possible to optimize that structure and enhance its ability to withstand waves. This time, we conducted optimization of the ocean platform using CAESES. *For more detailed information, please refer to the related link. For further details, you can download the PDF or feel free to contact us.*

The VOITH company's linear jet design, which is a challenging ship system characterized by complex shape features, combinations of multiple parts, and large-scale CFD calculation models, provides high customer satisfaction products by establishing and operating a fully automated design system using CAESES. The VOITH Linear Jet (VLJ) combines the simplicity of a propeller with the high-speed performance of a water jet. One of the most important challenges in the design of this product is to delay the occurrence of cavitation while maintaining high efficiency over a wide operating range. *For more detailed information, please refer to the related links. For more details, you can download the PDF or feel free to contact us.*