エム・イー・エル List of Products and Services

In the power supply and ground pattern shown in Fig. 4, we remove the IC as shown in Fig. 5 and set a port at the IC's power terminal, then simulate the impedance from that port. The power supply terminal (the port section in Fig. 4) is connected to ground. Fig. 5 shows the current distribution at 225 MHz. As shown in Fig. 6, resonance is observed around 240 MHz, and at this frequency, it can be seen that current is already concentrated on the power input terminal side (the left end of the pattern). 【Features】 ○ Fig. 6 shows the impedance characteristics from 10 MHz to 500 MHz. ○ As is clear from the Smith chart, it demonstrates the characteristics of a transmission line with a short-circuited end. ○ The impedance reaches its maximum around 240 MHz, indicating that resonance occurs at this frequency (λ/4 resonance of the short-circuited stub). For more details, please contact us or download the catalog.

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Investigate the relationship between transmission lines and response waveforms. There are at least three elements from the signal source to the load. One is the signal source impedance, the next is the characteristic impedance of the transmission line, and the third is the load impedance. 【Features】 ○ The signal source impedance and transmission line impedance are equal. ○ The waveform of Vo is transmitted without issues regardless of the value of Rd, and it is almost unrelated to the load impedance. ○ The waveform at the input end of the transmission line (Vi) does not show a rectangular waveform, but since it is not at the load end, any waveform is acceptable. ○ It shows a constant value across the bandwidth up to the 64th harmonic. For more details, please contact us or download the catalog.

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By analyzing multilayer substrates using S･NAP-Field, it is possible to analyze not only microwave circuits but also the coupling of digital circuits. To obtain response waveforms, waveform analysis can be performed using S･NAP-Pro based on the S-parameters obtained from S･NAP-Field, allowing for the observation of crosstalk and response waveforms at the waveform level. There are two methods for performing waveform analysis with S･NAP-Pro: one uses either the linear response waveform analysis function or the harmonic balance analysis function, and the other employs the convolution integral method to determine transient responses. Each of these methods has its own characteristics and should be chosen according to the specific objectives. This paper summarizes the overview and points of consideration for these methods. 【Methods】 ○ Extract signal sources present in the circuit ○ Perform Fourier transform on the signal sources, store the values of each spectrum, and create a frequency table ○ Execute AC analysis according to the frequency table created in the previous step, and obtain the spectrum at the observation point ○ Reconstruct waveforms at each observation point based on the spectrum For more details, please contact us or download the catalog.

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In the design phase of print patterns, using simulators allows for efficient design and makes it easier to grasp essential issues. There are broadly two types of simulators used in microwaves: circuit simulators and electromagnetic field simulators. Circuit simulators are limited to specific circuit models but can perform circuit calculations based on Kirchhoff's laws, enabling very fast simulations. Electromagnetic field simulators, on the other hand, solve Maxwell's equations rigorously and can accurately simulate complex electromagnetic phenomena, but they require significantly more analysis time compared to circuit simulators. However, by appropriately distinguishing between these simulators, it is possible to efficiently identify and address issues. [Features] - Enables efficient design and makes it easier to grasp essential issues. - There are broadly two types of simulators used in microwaves: circuit simulators and electromagnetic field simulators. - By appropriately distinguishing between these simulators, it is possible to efficiently identify and address issues. For more details, please contact us or download the catalog.

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The oscillation condition of a self-excited oscillation circuit, for example in the circuit shown in Fig. 1, can be expressed as (1) by considering the impedances on the left and right sides from the virtual cutting plane a-a', denoted as Za and Zb. This oscillation condition is satisfied at any cutting plane. However, since the parameters of the transistor asymptotically approach matching as the oscillation grows, it is difficult to confirm the establishment of this matching condition using small-signal S parameters. Therefore, we use the harmonic balance technique of self-excited oscillation to simulate the steady-state oscillation condition and verify the oscillation condition in (1). 【Features】 ○ The oscillation condition is satisfied at any cutting plane. ○ We simulate the steady-state oscillation condition using the harmonic balance technique of self-excited oscillation and confirm the oscillation condition in (1). For more details, please contact us or download the catalog.

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When measuring the characteristics of transmission lines, unwanted elements such as connectors and coaxial lines at the connection point between the calibration reference plane of the network analyzer and the device under test may be mixed into the measurement data. Ideally, it would be best to perform calibration at the device under test end as the calibration reference plane of the network analyzer, but in practice, this is often difficult due to the constraints of calibration fixtures. If it is challenging to remove unwanted elements during measurement, it is necessary to eliminate these elements through post-processing to obtain accurate data for the device under test. In many cases, these unwanted elements are connectors or coaxial lines, and if the data for these elements is known, it is possible to remove them using S･NAP-Pro after measurement. [Features] - If the data is known, unwanted elements can be easily subtracted from the measurement data. - The attenuation per unit length can be 'zero' if the length is short. For more details, please contact us or download the catalog.

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When a large signal is input into a circuit, it is a well-known fact that the S-parameters of the circuit differ from those in the small signal case if there are nonlinear elements present. In S-parameter analysis, the treatment of active devices generally involves creating linear equivalent circuits such as hybrid pi models at the bias point from models like the Gummel-Poon model, and performing linear analysis including surrounding elements. The linear equivalent circuit at the bias point maintains a linear input-output relationship regardless of how distorted the bias point may be, and does not introduce distortion in the output. To investigate the circuit characteristics when a large signal is input or when the bias point lies in a higher-order curve region, it is best to calculate the S-parameters from the input-output ratio of the fundamental wave component while in the state of large signal input. S-NAP-Pro does not have a direct function to obtain large signal S-parameters, but it is possible to achieve this using harmonic balance. [Features] - Create circuits with ports similar to S-parameter analysis - Label the terminals of each port in the circuit For more details, please contact us or download the catalog.

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The noise figure of a transistor amplifier is a function of the source impedance connected to the input of the transistor. Generally, the reflection coefficient that represents this impedance is called Γopt, and by matching the input-side impedance (source impedance) to this impedance, the amount of noise generated within the transistor can be minimized. 【Features】 ○ The noise figure of a transistor amplifier is a function of the source impedance connected to the input of the transistor. ○ Generally, the reflection coefficient that represents this impedance is called Γopt. ○ By matching the input-side impedance to this impedance, the amount of noise generated within the transistor can be minimized. For more details, please contact us or download the catalog.

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When amplifying a signal with a transistor, in order to obtain the largest possible signal, it is necessary to pour all the power available from the signal source into the transistor and to direct all the power amplified by the transistor into the load. To efficiently transfer power without waste, it is essential that the input side and the output side are well connected. The component that facilitates this connection is the matching circuit. If we denote the impedance of the receiving side as load impedance Zr and the impedance of the sending side as source impedance Zs, the power supplied to the load is maximized when Zr and Zs are conjugate to each other. This is known as the "Maximum Power Transfer Theorem." [Features] ○ By using Thevenin's theorem and Norton's theorem, complex circuit networks can be simplified. ○ Similarly, on the load side, the input impedance of any circuit network can be equivalently transformed into a single impedance or admittance. For more details, please contact us or download the catalog.

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A linear element, as the name suggests, is one where the output changes in a linear manner, that is, in the form of a straight line, in response to the input. For example, considering a resistor, the current flowing through the resistor is given by Ir = Vr/R = G･Vr, which is a linear function proportional to the voltage across the resistor. Elements that have this kind of input-output relationship are called linear elements. [Points] ○ A capacitor also follows Ic = jωC･Vc, which is again a linear function of Vc. ○ A nonlinear element refers to one where the output characteristics are not a linear function of the input. For more details, please contact us or download the catalog.

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Why can circuit simulators represented by SPICE freely simulate any circuit? In the circuit analysis learned in school, a specific circuit is given, and the analysis procedure is considered while looking at the circuit diagram. There is no concept of 'solving any circuit' here. However, to put it another way, the process of looking at the circuits in a problem set and constructing simultaneous equations can be replaced by programming, which means solving any circuit. The nodal analysis method is an algorithm that can automatically create circuit equations for any circuit based on certain rules. 【Features】 ○ The nodal analysis method establishes nodal equations at each node based on Kirchhoff's law, which states that 'the sum of currents flowing into a point is zero.' ○ A node is considered as a single point representing parts with the same potential. For more details, please contact us or download the catalog.

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Including transmission lines, solving various problems in high-frequency circuits using mathematical formulas becomes quite cumbersome due to complex calculations. However, by using the Smith chart devised by P. H. Smith, it becomes possible to easily perform such complex calculations graphically. With a slide rule, the property that multiplication can be replaced by addition when taking logarithms is utilized, allowing for easy multiplication by simply moving the slide. Similarly, the Smith chart is a convenient tool that uses conformal mapping to simplify high-frequency calculations. 【Features】 ○ When the load impedance Zr is not equal to the line impedance Z0, part of the incident wave returns to the source side as a reflected wave. ○ Standing waves appear on the line due to the interference between the reflected wave and the incident wave. ○ The ratio of the reflected wave to the incident wave is called the voltage reflection coefficient, generally represented by Γ or Γv. For more details, please contact us or download the catalog.

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In low-frequency circuits, the wires connecting resistors, coils, and capacitors, which are lumped constant components, have been considered merely as connectors. However, as the frequency increases and the wires become longer, such treatment is no longer acceptable. When current flows through the wires or patterns, magnetic field lines surround them, causing alternating changes. This is the effect of inductance, and resistance must also take into account the skin effect, where high-frequency currents flow only on the surface of the wires. Additionally, the capacitance increases in proportion to the relative permittivity εr of the printed circuit board, and leakage conductance arises due to insufficient insulation. Thus, the wires or patterns connecting the components must be regarded as having a structure where the small inductance ΔL and small resistance ΔR are continuous, and small conductance ΔG and small capacitance ΔC are distributed between the grounds. 【Features】 ○ When a line of length l is connected to a load Zr, the impedance including the line is no longer Zr. ○ If βl is very small, Z = Zr. For more details, please contact us or download the catalog.

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We have verified several types of planar resonance problems. Good results can be obtained even when the opposing planar sizes are different. 【Features】 ○ Compare the transmission characteristics of the two-layer substrate with published data ○ The results are almost consistent with experimental values For more details, please contact us or download the catalog.

• Other analyses

Examination of conduction noise during motor switching operation. A control pulse source is set within the CPU. The driver transistor and FET are driven, allowing current to flow to the motor. A noise level of -50dBV can be observed at the power supply terminals with a fundamental wave component. 【Features】 ○ Generation of switching pulses within the CPU ○ Switching of FET (non-linear operation based on SPICE model) For more details, please contact us or download the catalog.

• Other analyses

Examining the conducted noise of the DCDC converter during switching operation. Adding a 0.1uF capacitor at the power terminal reduces high-frequency noise, but it has been confirmed that noise increases around 6.7MHz. 【Features】 ○ Simulating switching characteristics using MOSFET switches ○ Nonlinear operation using SPICE models For more details, please contact us or download the catalog.

• Other analyses

Apply common-mode noise signals and examine the characteristics of the common-mode filter. It is easy to confirm which manufacturer's filter is optimal across a wide frequency range. 【Features】 ○ Apply two common-mode noise signals to the power terminals ○ Difference in noise voltage with and without the common-mode filter ○ Current distribution characteristics with and without the filter For more details, please contact us or download the catalog.

• Other analyses

By adding a layer on top and creating something equivalent to an antenna, it is possible to simulate external high-frequency noise. Whether the noise resistance has improved after the substrate modification can be estimated without creating the substrate. 【Features】 ○ Total terminal voltage when 900MHz is radiated from the upper antenna ○ It is evident that the induced voltage has decreased in the modified substrate ○ An assessment of quality can be made once the artwork is completed For more details, please contact us or download the catalog.

• Other analyses

Conducted electrostatic noise analysis on a 6-layer data recorder board. Observed the potential difference between the grounds of a BGA with multiple ground terminals. The difference in noise voltage with and without the bypass capacitors implemented on the board was minimal, showing little effect from the bypass capacitors. This phenomenon can be considered as a difference in common mode current flowing through each ground terminal. To analyze such phenomena, it is necessary to analyze the entire board in its component-mounted state. 【Features】 ○ Electrostatic noise analysis of a 6-layer board (100x50mm) ○ Applied ESD noise signal between absolute ground and connector FG terminal For more details, please contact us or download the catalog.

• Other analyses

An analysis of motor brush noise on the control board was conducted. When an impulse signal simulating brush noise was applied, significant noise was confirmed to be superimposed on the CPU communication signal terminal. It was found that inserting a 0.1μF capacitor at the motor terminal could significantly suppress the noise at the CPU terminal. However, using low-frequency electrolytic capacitors with self-resonance as noise killer capacitors was found to worsen the noise level at the CPU terminal compared to not using a capacitor. 【Features】 ○ The communication signal enters the CPU communication terminal via the path X1→IC3→CPU. ○ Investigate the effects when impulse noise is applied to the motor terminal. ○ Noise analysis requires an analysis of the entire board, including the implemented components. For more details, please contact us or download the catalog.

• Other analyses

The definitive version of the high-frequency and microwave circuit/electromagnetic field simulator, and printed circuit board simulator "S-NAP (R)" is finally available in a cloud version. To celebrate the launch of the cloud version, we are giving away a free CD that includes a "trial version" that can be tested for 90 days and "technical materials." *We also offer the trial version CD for free to those who download the catalog.* 【Details】 ■ EDA Tool 'S-NAP Microwave Suite' A microwave EDA tool composed of circuit simulators, circuit design software, and electromagnetic field simulators for circuits. It has a tremendous effect on shortening development time and reducing production costs. ■ Electromagnetic Field Simulation Software 'S-NAP PCB Suite' An electromagnetic field simulation software that can analyze the noise situation of printed circuit boards with components mounted. It is ideal for high-frequency and microwave circuit development. ~ Rental S-NAP (R), a simulator that does not become an asset ~ The rental version, which allows you to always use the latest version and does not become an asset, is also popular. *For more details, please download the catalog or contact us.*

• Magnetic field analysis/electromagnetic wave analysis

We are currently offering a free CD that includes a 90-day trial version and technical documentation for our EDA tools, the 'S-NAP Microwave Suite' and the electromagnetic simulation software 'S-NAP PCB Suite'. Please take this opportunity to try them out! 【Details】 ■ EDA Tool 'S-NAP Microwave Suite' A microwave EDA tool composed of a circuit simulator, circuit design software, and electromagnetic simulator for circuits. It is highly effective in reducing development time and production costs. ■ Electromagnetic Simulation Software 'S-NAP PCB Suite' An electromagnetic simulation software that can analyze the noise situation of printed circuit boards with components mounted. It is ideal for high-frequency and microwave circuit development. *For more details, please download the catalog or contact us.

• Embedded system design service
• Magnetic field analysis/electromagnetic wave analysis

Rental S-NAP allows customers to use S-NAP on their own computers on a monthly basis, eliminating the need to purchase the software and ensuring access to the latest version at all times. Additionally, you can choose models based on the scale of analysis, making it a cost-effective option. 【Product Lineup】 ○ Microwave and RF circuit design tool S-NAP Microwave Suite ○ Printed circuit board analysis tool S-NAP PCB Suite For more details, please contact us.

• Rental/lease

The "S-NAP Microwave Suite" is a microwave EDA tool composed of three types: a circuit simulator, circuit design software, and an electromagnetic field simulator for circuits. The circuit simulator can handle everything from DC to microwave circuits, and the circuit design software can design various circuits, not just microwaves. Additionally, the electromagnetic field simulator for circuits allows for analysis in a state where components are implemented. 【Features】 ● Capable of linear/non-linear microwave circuit analysis and optimization ● Automatic design of microwave circuits is possible ● Electromagnetic field analysis of balun circuits and planar antennas is possible *For more details, please download the catalog or contact us.

• Magnetic field analysis/electromagnetic wave analysis
• Embedded system design service

The "S-NAP PCB Suite Ver.2" is an electromagnetic simulation software that can analyze the noise conditions of printed circuit boards with components mounted. By simply interacting with the computer-recreated board in its component-mounted state, you can visualize noise waveforms and signals, making it easy to analyze noise conditions. Additionally, by separating the analysis engines used for "pattern analysis" and "mounted component analysis," it allows for rapid analysis of characteristic differences even when component changes or load conditions are modified. 【Features】 ● Compatible with Windows Vista/7/8 ● Equipped with 5 types of analysis modes and 3 types of support tools ● Significantly reduces development time and production costs 【Announcement for Microwave Exhibition 2014】 We will be giving a presentation at the exhibitor seminar of the "Microwave Exhibition 2014" held at Pacifico Yokohama. We kindly invite you to attend this opportunity. December 10 (Thursday) 12:30–13:15 Exhibition Hall D Room 5 "Noise Analysis in Printed Circuit Boards" *For more details, please download the catalog or contact us.

• Magnetic field analysis/electromagnetic wave analysis
• Embedded system design service

The electromagnetic field simulator for printed circuit board analysis, 'S-NAP PCB Suite (Ver.2)', integrates electromagnetic field analysis with circuit analysis. It quickly analyzes large printed circuit boards with more than 10 layers in real-time. By simply touching the component terminals, you can observe waveforms and spectra in real-time, making it easy to check the amount of noise superimposed on the signal! Additionally, it allows for easy understanding of "voltage," "current density distribution," and "locations of noise distribution." By analyzing the entire board, you can understand the coupling state of complex noise, significantly reducing the time required for noise countermeasures! Furthermore, through a technical collaboration with System Design Laboratory Co., Ltd., we provide comprehensive support from operational techniques to countermeasure proposals. We also offer the microwave circuit and electromagnetic field simulator "S-NAP Microwave Suite," which enables design and analysis of microwave circuits, antennas, and ultra-high-speed logic circuits.

• Magnetic field analysis/electromagnetic wave analysis
• Software (middle, driver, security, etc.)
• Other embedded systems (software and hardware)

The S-NAP Microwave Suite is an EDA tool for microwave applications composed of three software components: a linear/non-linear circuit simulator (S-NAP/Pro), an automatic design software (S-NAP/Design), and a moment method electromagnetic field simulator (S-NAP/Field). S-NAP/Field comes standard with a harmonic balance analysis engine, allowing for non-linear analysis, such as that of rectenna antennas, to be performed directly on the electromagnetic field simulator. It enables the design and analysis of microwave circuits, patterned antennas, and ultra-high-speed logic circuit patterns. *For more details, please download the catalog.*

• Other embedded systems (software and hardware)

S-NAP PCB Suite (Ver. 2) is software that performs electromagnetic field simulation of printed circuit boards in their assembled state, conducting electromagnetic field analysis of large-scale printed circuit boards as a whole using the M-FDM method. Additionally, it implements a large-scale circuit solver, making it easy to analyze differences in characteristics when changing components or load conditions. The test bench includes the following features: - Oscilloscope mode - Tester mode - Sweep generator mode - S-parameter mode - Voltage and current density distribution analysis mode In collaboration with YDC Co., Ltd., it supports a printed circuit board CAD interface, and in collaboration with System Design Research Co., Ltd., it provides strong support for S-NAP PCB Suite users, from operational techniques to utilization methods. *For more details, please download the catalog.

• Other analyses

The S-NAP(R)PCB Suite is software that simulates the entire printed circuit board in its component mounting state. By analyzing the entire board, it allows for understanding the complex coupling of noise and enables the analysis of the effects of impulse noise and power fluctuations. Additionally, by dividing the solver into two stages, it provides an operation that does not stress the user with the electromagnetic field analysis load. [Analysis Target] Completed artwork [Analysis Content] Electrical characteristics such as SI, PI, and EMI. Visualization of the voltage distribution across the entire board.

• Software (middle, driver, security, etc.)
• Image analysis software