[Data] Shirutoku Report No. 32 #Q-Learning

Create the rules in the R-Table and the predicted values of state-action pairs in the Q-Table! Introducing the Q-Learning algorithm.

★★Shirutoku Report: Useful Information You Can Benefit From★★ The most challenging aspect I encountered while developing programs was the implementation of algorithms. There are many interesting algorithms, and recently I had the opportunity to explore Q-Learning, which is a type of reinforcement learning related to machine learning. I created a program (Cheese Puzzle Simulator) to demonstrate it. Q-Learning is one of the algorithms in reinforcement learning and is utilized in various fields, from autonomous driving to fintech. In this report, I would like to briefly introduce the Q-Learning algorithm. For more details, please feel free to read on. [Contents] ■Challenges ■Explanations *For more information, please refer to the PDF document or feel free to contact us.*

• Software (middle, driver, security, etc.)
• Other embedded systems (software and hardware)
• others

Be cautious of inductance that does not appear in the circuit diagram! A problem unique to the field of power electronics.

★★Shirutoku Report: Useful Information You Should Know★★ This report introduces the circuit operation of power converters. A power converter is a device that converts the direct current (DC) generated by solar panels into alternating current (AC) for commercial power systems. As an example, we have included a configuration diagram that only describes the power circuit in a transformerless method. Please take a moment to read it. 【Featured Content】 ■ About the circuit operation of power converters - Chopper circuit - Inverter circuit ■ Have you ever experienced issues such as the device not operating even though it was built according to the circuit diagram, or switching elements failing immediately? *For more details, please refer to the PDF document or feel free to contact us.

• inverter

Questions and Solutions! Key Points to Keep in Mind When Developing Waterproof Products

★★Shirutoku Report: Useful Information You Should Know★★ In this report, we introduce the most frequently asked questions from customers regarding the development of waterproof products and their solutions. You may have come across the terms "waterproof specifications IPX5, 6, 7" in various product fields. Waterproof specifications have become a standard feature in smartphones, and as a result, the demand for waterproof functionality is increasingly being sought in consumer products as a whole. We provide answers and key points to questions such as "What are the structural differences between waterproof and non-waterproof products?" and "What does the evaluation of waterproof products entail?" We encourage you to read through it. 【Contents (Excerpt)】 ■Question: What are the structural differences between waterproof and non-waterproof products? ■Question: I want to have a certain level of waterproof performance, but I would rather prioritize design and production costs. In such cases, what level of protection rating is achievable? ■Question: What does the evaluation of waterproof products entail? *For more details, please refer to the PDF document or feel free to contact us.

• Circuit board design and manufacturing

The grounding (GND) of the antenna is important! Things to be careful about when designing an antenna.

★★Shirutoku Report: Useful Information You Should Know★★ This report introduces the "antenna," which is essential for communication devices. We describe the antennas commonly used in wireless communication devices along with their features. Our company provides support services to address improvements in antenna communication distance, so if you have any inquiries or would like to consult with us, please feel free to contact us. 【Contents】 ■ Antennas used in wireless communication devices ■ Grounding (GND) is important for antennas! ■ Be cautious with the substrate when using pattern antennas! ■ Check the finish once the substrate is completed! ■ Pay attention to the area around the antenna! ■ Strategies for improving antenna communication distance *For more details, please refer to the PDF document or feel free to contact us.*

• antenna

Promoting development design! Custom measurement and interface circuits.

★★Shirutoku Report: Useful Information You Can Benefit From★★ This report introduces the utilization of "interface circuits" that make measurement convenient, which is being worked on by the Custom Technology Division. Our company occasionally prepares original "interface circuits" with high versatility, and this time we are featuring one of those examples. Proposing solutions to our customers' challenges is a hallmark of our services. We look forward to hearing from those who are interested. 【Contents (Excerpt)】 ■ Providing services centered around custom measurement ■ What is an interface circuit? ■ Image of the configuration of an interface circuit (analog isolation circuit board) ■ Production board for interface circuits (analog isolation circuit board) *For more details, please refer to the PDF document or feel free to contact us.

• Other Connectors
• Other inspection equipment and devices
• Contract measurement

Knowing the configuration (types) of substrate data can prevent unexpected schedule delays.

★★Shirutoku Report: Useful Information You Should Know★★ This report introduces the composition (types) of circuit board data. We provide a diagram outlining the general flow from circuit board design to manufacturing. Our company can convert Gerber data into our CAD data (CR5000BD) for design purposes when revisions to existing circuit boards are necessary, such as for the development of similar models or for dealing with discontinued parts (EOL, discon). If you need design work that utilizes existing design assets, please feel free to contact us. 【Main Circuit Board Design CAD (Excerpt)】 ■CR5000BD (Zuken) - Circuit board CAD data file extension: .pcb/.rul - Cover data file extension: .phl/.phd ■CR8000DF (Zuken) - Circuit board CAD data file extension: .dsgn - Cover data file extension: fph/fpl *For more details, please refer to the PDF document or feel free to contact us.

• Circuit board design and manufacturing

Responding to various customer inquiries based on the experience and knowledge gained from previous design and evaluation.

★★Shirutoku Report: Useful Information You Can Benefit From★★ Our company is involved in the development of semiconductor package mounting technology and mounting reliability technology. We mainly focus on packages known as BGA (Ball Grid Array). In this report, we will introduce the daisy chain sample used for evaluating the mounting reliability of semiconductor packages. [Contents] ■ Daisy chain sample for identifying breakage locations ■ Daisy chain sample for identifying breakage locations - Case studies from customer inquiries *For more details, please refer to the PDF document or feel free to contact us.*

• Other semiconductors
• Circuit board design and manufacturing

If you have any concerns, whether related to new designs or responses to production discontinuation, please feel free to consult with us.

★★Shirutoku Report: Useful Information You Should Know★★ Power supply equipment must satisfy the lifespan of products with components such as electrolytic capacitors, phototransistors (optical communication devices), and relays. There are many instances where lifespan verification is conducted through lifespan calculations and electrical evaluations. This report introduces examples of electrical evaluations. [Contents] ■Electrolytic Capacitors ■Phototransistors *For more details, please refer to the PDF document or feel free to contact us.*

• Other inspection equipment and devices

The method is super easy! Just search for Wi-Fi signals and display the obtained data on the screen!

★★Useful Information Report: Knowledge is Gained★★ This report introduces a board called M5stack, which is equipped with a Wi-Fi module called "ESP32," along with practical examples of its use. The creation process is super simple: it searches for Wi-Fi signals and displays the acquired data on the screen. That's all there is to it. Please take a moment to read it. 【Contents】 ■How to Make a Simple Wi-Fi Checker ・Recipe *For more details, please refer to the PDF document or feel free to contact us.

• Other inspection equipment and devices

Key points to consider in power supply design! Here are some points for beginners to keep in mind when designing.

★★Shirutoku Report: Useful Information You Should Know★★ The "power supply" is an essential component in electrical circuits. The "power supply" has functions such as converting voltage levels and transforming alternating current (AC) to direct current (DC). Among these, I would like to discuss the frequently used "DC-DC converter." A "DC-DC converter" is a device that converts direct current into direct current at different voltage levels. While detailed design methods can be referenced in specialized books, this report introduces key points for beginners when designing. [Contents] ■ Key Points in Circuit Design *For more details, please refer to the PDF document or feel free to contact us.*

• power supply
• Circuit board design and manufacturing

How is a metal casing made? A brief introduction to processing methods and design techniques.

★★Shirutoku Report: Useful Information You Can Benefit From★★ Without further ado, I will talk about the metal enclosures I am currently involved in developing. There are various processing methods for creating metal enclosures, and the design approach changes depending on the processing method. This report briefly introduces the representative processing methods and design approaches for metal enclosures. [Contents] ■ Press bending processing ■ Deep drawing processing ■ Die casting *For more details, please refer to the PDF document or feel free to contact us.

• Mold Design
• Processing Contract

Why do optical semiconductors fail? Let me explain a bit more about failures caused by light!

★★Shirutoku Report: Useful Information You Can Benefit From★★ What kind of semiconductor failures come to mind when you think of them? First, you might think of damage caused by static electricity, right? Of course, optical semiconductors can also fail due to static electricity, but they can also fail due to light itself. In this report, we will explain a bit more about failures caused by light. [Contents] ■Failures Caused by Light *For more details, please refer to the PDF document or feel free to contact us.*

• diode
• Other semiconductors
• Semiconductor inspection/test equipment

Efficient power supply using SiC devices! A brief introduction to the types and features of diodes.

★★Shirutoku Report: Useful Information You Should Know★★ By changing semiconductor materials from Si to SiC (silicon carbide), the breakdown voltage of Schottky Barrier Diodes (SBD) has improved, making them usable in DC/DC converters for PCS. While performance improves with SiC, cost issues had previously hindered its adoption. However, in the last year or two, cost challenges have been addressed, leading to increased opportunities for use. This report will briefly explain the types and characteristics of diodes. 【Contents】 ■ Types and Characteristics of Diodes *For more details, please refer to the PDF document or feel free to contact us.*

• power supply
• diode

The concept of distributed constant circuits is becoming necessary! An explanation of characteristic impedance and substrate design.

★★Useful Information Report: Knowledge is Power★★ This report introduces the "characteristic impedance (wiring impedance)" of printed circuit boards. With the recent increase in the speed of digital signals, the design of digital circuit boards now requires the concept of distributed constant circuits rather than lumped constant circuits, making it essential to consider the characteristic impedance of the board in the design. So, how do we determine the characteristic impedance of a printed circuit board? [Contents] ■ Characteristic Impedance of Printed Circuit Boards *For more details, please refer to the PDF document or feel free to contact us.*

• Printed Circuit Board
• Circuit board design and manufacturing
• Prototype Services

"What is V2H?" "What can be done with V2H?" Published! An explanation of how to utilize electric vehicles at home.

★★Shirutoku Report: Useful Information You Can Benefit From★★ In recent years, our company has seen an increase in automotive-related operations and is involved with a vehicle-to-home (V2H) electric vehicle charging and discharging system. V2H stands for "Vehicle to Home," which is an abbreviation for a system that allows the use of an electric vehicle's battery at home. This report will introduce V2H. [Contents] ■ What is V2H? ■ What can you do with V2H? *For more details, please refer to the PDF document or feel free to contact us.*

• power supply
• Secondary Cells/Batteries
• Power storage device

Explanation of the types and uses of substrates! In particular, we will introduce the types of rigid substrates.

★★Shirutoku Report: Useful Information You Can Benefit From★★ The design values and finished values for wiring widths and layer spacing differ depending on the type of circuit board and manufacturing methods (such as subtractive methods, semi-additive methods, etc.). In this report, we will introduce the different types of circuit boards available. Additionally, WTI offers various types of circuit board design and prototyping services. Please feel free to reach out to us. 【Contents】 ■ Types of Circuit Boards and Their Applications *For more details, please refer to the PDF document or feel free to contact us.*

• Printed Circuit Board
• Circuit board design and manufacturing
• Prototype Services

It is important to be aware of thermal issues from the early stages of design! Introducing preventive diagnostics for thermal problems.

★★Shirutoku Report: Useful Information You Should Know★★ The required performance of developed products is increasing year by year, leading to a more challenging thermal situation due to the need to make products thinner and smaller, as well as the addition of circuit functions (such as communication functions), which increases heat sources. In response, our company has decided to offer a service to assess the presence of thermal issues and the difficulty of thermal design early in the design process (preventive diagnosis of thermal issues). This report explains "Product Performance Requirements and Thermal Issues" and "Contents of Preventive Diagnosis of Thermal Issues." [Contents] ■ About Thermal Simulation ■ Product Performance Requirements and Thermal Issues ■ Contents of Preventive Diagnosis of Thermal Issues *For more details, please refer to the PDF document or feel free to contact us.

• Other contract services

Introducing programming using OTA with ESP32 via Wi-Fi!

★★Shirutoku Report Useful Information You Should Know★★ The ESP32 is a microcontroller that integrates Wi-Fi and Bluetooth, manufactured by Espressif Systems, a wireless chip maker based in Shanghai. OTA stands for Over The Air, which allows programming to be written via wireless networks such as Wi-Fi, mobile data communication, and Bluetooth. In this report, we attempted programming using OTA on the ESP32 microcontroller, and we will introduce the details of that experience. [Contents] ■ What is ESP32 ■ What is OTA ■ Boards Used ■ Writing the Program *For more details, please refer to the PDF document or feel free to contact us.

• LED Module
• Other information systems

A suitable structural examination is necessary due to the mounted components and wiring density! An explanation of the structure of the substrate.

★★Shirutoku Report: Useful Information You Should Know★★ This report introduces the "Structure of PCBs." It includes topics such as "Classification by PCB Structure," "Conductor Materials and Solder Resist," and "The Importance of Initial Considerations in PCB Structure." Our company is also capable of PCB design starting from initial considerations, including PCB structure. If you have any concerns, please feel free to reach out to us. 【Contents】 ■ Classification by PCB Structure ■ Conductor Materials and Solder Resist ■ The Importance of Initial Considerations in PCB Structure ■ About Flexible PCBs *For more details, please refer to the PDF document or feel free to contact us.*

• Printed Circuit Board

Content to be confirmed in structural evaluation! Explanation of drop tests and waterproof tests.

★★Shirutoku Report: Useful Information You Can Benefit From★★ This report introduces typical evaluations (drop tests, waterproof tests) conducted in the development and design of mobile communication devices. The drop test is the first test performed to confirm the strength of the casing. The waterproof test is based on protection grades related to waterproofing defined by IEC (International Electrotechnical Commission) and JIS (Japanese Industrial Standards), and it is necessary to select a testing method that suits the product's purpose. In addition to structural evaluations, there are other tests such as pressure tests and key press tests, and WTI is capable of handling various tests. If you have any inquiries about what we can do, please feel free to reach out to us. [Contents] ■ Drop Test ■ Waterproof Test *For more details, please refer to the PDF document or feel free to contact us.*

• Impact Test
• others

It is also possible to reduce high manufacturing initial costs! Here are some tips for reducing the cost of printed circuit boards.

★★Shirutoku Report: Useful Information You Should Know★★ Printed circuit boards (PCBs) are relatively expensive components among electronic devices, and depending on the quality of the design, the use of the board may change, which can impact costs. You might consider searching for inexpensive PCB manufacturers overseas and adopting them, but the factors that significantly affect the cost of printed circuit boards are "board structure/layer count" and "board size." This report focuses on "board size" and introduces tips for reducing PCB costs. [Contents] ■ Tips for Reducing Costs Based on Board Size *For more details, please refer to the PDF document or feel free to contact us.*

• Printed Circuit Board

We are collaborating to solve our customers' problems by utilizing FPGAs!

★★Shirutoku Report: Useful Information You Should Know★★ In this report, we will focus on the response to the discontinuation of parts using "FPGA." This is not about replacing the parts themselves with "FPGA," but rather introducing designs that implement measures for the discontinuation of LCD panel production using "FPGA." If you need designs such as "I want to perform data processing for high-speed serial communication with FPGA" or "I want to process signals from sensors with FPGA and transfer data," please feel free to contact us. 【Contents】 ■ Solutions with "FPGA"!? *For more details, please refer to the PDF document or feel free to contact us.*

• Board to Board Connectors
• Circuit board design and manufacturing
• Control Panel

Introducing common questions regarding screw structures in waterproof design and points to consider during their examination!

★★Shirutoku Report: Useful Information You Should Know★★ When designing for waterproofing, many people tend to focus solely on the gasket parts of the enclosure. In fact, the screw areas require even more attention than the main waterproof sections. In this report, we discuss the screw structures in waterproof design and the points to consider that are frequently asked about. Please take a moment to read it. 【Contents】 ■ Services we have received inquiries about ■ Frequently asked questions - What specifications should be applied for waterproof screws? - What is the most important point to be cautious about when using waterproof screws? *For more details, please refer to the PDF document or feel free to contact us.

• Waterproof Connector

Particularly common requests! Circuit board design for small, high-density implementations used in IoT devices and wearable devices!

★★Shirutoku Report: Useful Information You Should Know★★ In WTI's circuit board design, we handle various types of board designs, including large-scale circuits, multilayer wiring boards, high-density mounting boards, and flexible printed circuits (FPC). Particularly in demand are the designs for small, high-density mounting boards used in IoT devices and wearable devices. To reduce the size of products and lower the cost of boards, it is common to adopt BGA packages for microcontrollers and FPGAs. This report discusses 'BGA Board Design.' We encourage you to read it. [Contents] ■ About BGA Board Design *For more details, please refer to the PDF document or feel free to contact us.*

• Board to Board Connectors
• Board to Cable Connector
• Circuit board design and manufacturing

A structure in which electrodes are provided on the substrate, solder balls are formed on top, and are joined to the electrodes on the package side!

★★Shirutoku Report: Useful Information You Should Know★★ In this report, we will discuss the analysis methods for "BGA packages." "BGA" stands for "Ball Grid Array," which is a type of package for integrated circuits (ICs). In simple terms, it is a surface mount package that has electrodes (lands) on the substrate, with solder balls formed on top to connect to the electrodes on the package side. For more details, please take a look. [Contents] ■ About BGA Packages ■ Dyeing Analysis ■ Cross-Section Polishing *For more information, please refer to the PDF document or feel free to contact us.*

• Contract Analysis
• Other analyses
• Contract Analysis

Automatic control with control programs! We are presenting the benefits of automatically controlling measuring instruments.

★★Shirutoku Report: Useful Information You Can Benefit From★★ In this report, we would like to introduce the automatic control of measurement devices related to optical devices. To confirm the functionality of optical devices, multiple characteristics such as optical output, light reception sensitivity, and frequency characteristics are measured and evaluated. To evaluate these characteristics, a variety of measurement devices are used, including DC power supplies, temperature controllers, and optical component analyzers. For more details, please be sure to read on. 【Contents】 ■Automatic Control of Measurement Devices 　・Benefits of Automatically Controlling Measurement Devices *For more information, please refer to the PDF document or feel free to contact us.*

• Piezoelectric Devices
• Other measurement, recording and measuring instruments

Consideration to meet product specifications! Examples of component layout taking electrical characteristics into account are included!

★★Shirutoku Report: Useful Information You Should Know★★ This report introduces considerations for component placement. It is rare to use a circuit board in isolation; it is often housed in a case or connected to other devices. In component placement considerations, we first position components that cannot be moved structurally, such as connectors and switches. For other components, we proceed with the placement while paying attention to structural placement constraints (height limitations of components, prohibited areas for placement and wiring). For more details, please take a moment to read through. 【Contents】 ■ Consideration of structural constraints in component placement ■ Placement considerations based on electrical characteristics ■ Wiring considerations *For more information, please refer to the PDF document or feel free to contact us.

• Printed Circuit Board
• Other electronic parts

Improved quality of circuit board design! Published the design rule setting items for circuit board design!

★★Shirutoku Report: Useful Information You Should Know★★ This report introduces DRC. DRC stands for Design Rule Check, which is a function of PCB CAD that verifies whether the design adheres to the set design rules and can automatically detect violations of those rules. The advent of PCB CAD has reduced labor costs and improved the quality of PCB design. While DRC is very convenient, it is crucial to correctly set the design rules for the PCB CAD to accurately identify rule violations. For more details, please take a look. 【Contents】 ■ About DRC - Items for setting design rules in PCB design *For more information, please refer to the PDF document or feel free to contact us.*

• Printed Circuit Board
• Other CAD
• Other CAD related software

Explaining the points to note for multi-channel automatic measurement! Using a switch expands the range of automatic measurement!

★★Shirutoku Report: Useful Information You Should Know★★ This report introduces the multi-channelization of automatic measurement. "Multi-channelization" refers to the process of enabling a measurement device that originally has only one channel to measure multiple points with a single trigger by continuously connecting switch circuits. Through multi-channelization, challenges such as "wanting to automatically measure a large number of samples at once" and "unable to perform automatic measurement due to the need to switch connections" can be resolved. For more details, please take a moment to read. 【Contents】 ■ Multi-channelization of automatic measurement ■ Principles of multi-channel automatic measurement ■ Points to note for multi-channel automatic measurement ■ Conclusion *For more information, please refer to the PDF document or feel free to contact us.

• Other measurement, recording and measuring instruments

Implemented using a measurement method called feedback method! Introducing the basic circuit for measuring microcurrents.

★★Shirutoku Report: Useful Information You Can Benefit From★★ This report introduces the examination of microcurrent measuring devices. Previously, I created a microcurrent measuring device for work. There are various methods for measuring microcurrents, but the method used this time is called the "feedback method." I will explain the basic circuit of this method. For more details, please be sure to read on. 【Contents】 ■ Target performance of microcurrent measuring devices ■ Basic principles of microcurrent measurement ■ Determining the measurement range ■ Selection of OP amps ■ Phase compensation capacitors ■ Conclusion *For more details, please refer to the PDF document or feel free to contact us.

• Other measurement, recording and measuring instruments

Essential thermal resistance of semiconductors for thermal analysis! Introducing typical thermal resistances and their formulas.

★★Shirutoku Report: Useful Information You Should Know★★ In recent years, while products have been miniaturizing, thermal issues have continued to worsen, and we have seen an increasing trend in inquiries from customers regarding thermal analysis. The content of these inquiries varies, but in this report, we will briefly explain the thermal resistance of semiconductors, which is essential for thermal analysis. For more details, please take a moment to read through it. [Contents] ■Typical thermal resistances and their formulas *For more information, please refer to the PDF document or feel free to contact us.*

• Other semiconductors
• Other analyses
• others

The thermal stress caused by temperature changes is greater than expected! It is important to consider expansion and contraction in the design.

★★Shirutoku Report: Useful Information You Can Benefit From★★ In daily life, we don't often think about it, but when the temperature of an object changes, thermal expansion and contraction occur. The magnitude of this expansion and contraction varies depending on the properties of each material (coefficient of linear expansion). In this report, we will discuss the thermal stress caused by this thermal expansion and contraction. For more details, please take a moment to read it. 【Contents】 ■ Simple thermal warping calculation tool for laminated boards *For more information, please refer to the PDF document or feel free to contact us.*

• Stress Analysis
• others

Explaining the basics of sensor control! If you're considering automating measurements, please give it a try.

★★Shirutoku Report: Useful Information You Can Benefit From★★ When you want to "check characteristics while changing a certain parameter," "automatic measurement" is convenient. In this report, I would like to briefly explain how to perform "instrument control" necessary for automatic measurement. For more details, please be sure to read on. 【Contents】 ■ Automatic Measurement / Step 1: Connect the PC and the measuring instrument ■ Automatic Measurement / Step 2: Prepare the control library ■ Automatic Measurement / Step 3: Send commands to control the measuring instrument ■ Common Commands *For more details, please refer to the PDF document or feel free to contact us.

• Other measurement, recording and measuring instruments

A simple explanation using MOSFET as an example! Introducing power cycle testing to evaluate durability.

★★Shirutoku Report: Useful Information You Can Benefit From★★ Suddenly, do you all know about "reliability testing"? In brief, it is a collective term for various tests that evaluate the reliability (performance, durability, safety, failure rate, etc.) of a product. The main objectives are to confirm whether the performance meets the design specifications and to assess whether it meets market quality requirements. In this report, we will introduce one of the durability tests for power devices, known as the "power cycle test." For more details, please take a moment to read on. 【Contents】 ■ Short Power Cycle Test (Reference: JEITA-ED-4701/601 602) ■ Long Power Cycle Test (Reference: JEITA-ED-4701/603) *For more details, please refer to the PDF document or feel free to contact us.

• Other inspection equipment and devices
• Contract Inspection
• Other contract services

Over 180 pages. Packed with answers to "questions you can't ask now" about EMI countermeasures and measurements.

"Development Design Tips PLUS No. 1" is a document that compiles explanatory comments from our engineers on various themes related to the design and development of equipment. It includes answers to "questions and doubts that you can't ask anymore" regarding EMI countermeasures, measurement, power supply, high frequency, and waterproof design. This document provides hints to promote development design. [Featured Themes] ◎EMI Countermeasures ◎Measurement and Testing ◎Power Supply (Power Electronics Design) ◎High Frequency Circuit Design ◎Waterproof Mechanisms *This document can be viewed via "PDF Download." Please feel free to contact us with any inquiries.

• Circuit board design and manufacturing
• EMS

All the answers to your questions in this one book! High-frequency components and shielding are explained clearly by the characters!

This document introduces questions and answers about high frequency. It includes know-how shared by our engineers on topics such as high frequency components (capacitors), shielding (electrostatic shielding), GND (ground), and what a Smith chart is. It is a book that provides easy-to-understand explanations through characters. 【Contents】 ■#026 High Frequency - About High Frequency Circuit Design Tips PLUS ■#027 High Frequency - About High Frequency Components (Capacitors) ■#030 High Frequency - About High Frequency Components (Resistors) ■#031 High Frequency - About High Frequency Components (Semiconductors) ■#032 High Frequency - About Pattern Design *For more details, please refer to the PDF document or feel free to contact us.

• Capacitor
• Other electronic parts
• Contract Inspection

Useful information about development design! We have published a wealth of know-how shared by our engineers.

This document introduces questions and answers regarding power supplies. It includes know-how shared by our engineers on topics such as "Power Electronics Design: Switching Devices," "Diode Selection," "IGBT Selection," "MOSFET Selection," "Electrolytic Capacitor Selection," "Film Capacitor Selection," and "Reactor Selection." It is a book that provides easy-to-understand explanations through characters. 【Contents (Excerpt)】 ■#021 Power Supply - Power Electronics Design (Switching Devices) ■#022 Power Supply - Power Electronics Design (Diode Selection) ■#023 Power Supply - Power Electronics Design (IGBT Selection) ■#024 Power Supply - Power Electronics Design (MOSFET Selection) ■#025 Power Supply - Power Electronics Design (Electrolytic Capacitor Selection) *For more details, please refer to the PDF document or feel free to contact us.

• power supply
• Other power sources

Useful information about development design! Many articles on effective use of isolation amplifiers and more!

This document introduces questions and answers regarding measurement and testing. It includes know-how shared by our engineers on topics such as "Instrumentation amplifiers are convenient," "How to measure leakage current," "Effective use of isolation amplifiers," and "Aliasing and Nyquist frequency." It is a book that provides easy-to-understand explanations through characters. 【Contents (excerpt)】 ■#016 Measurement and Testing - Instrumentation amplifiers are convenient (current detection) - ■#017 Measurement and Testing - Instrumentation amplifiers are convenient (micro-signal detection) - ■#018 Measurement and Testing - Instrumentation amplifiers are convenient (can output based on references other than GND) - ■#019 Measurement and Testing - Points to note when using instrumentation amplifiers - ■#020 Measurement and Testing - How do you measure leakage current? - *For more details, please refer to the PDF document or feel free to contact us.

• Other electronic measuring instruments
• Other measurement, recording and measuring instruments

We publish know-how shared by our engineers! Introducing misconceptions about waterproofing, waterproof standards, and inspections of waterproof equipment.

This document introduces questions and answers related to waterproofing. It includes misunderstandings about waterproofing, waterproof standards, and inspections of waterproof equipment, featuring know-how shared by our engineers. The content is presented in an easy-to-understand manner with illustrations. 【Contents】 ■#050 Mechanisms and Enclosures – Misunderstandings about Waterproofing ■#051 Mechanisms and Enclosures – About Waterproof Standards ■#055 Waterproofing Related – Inspection of Waterproof Equipment ■#056 Waterproofing Related – Inspection of Waterproof Equipment (2) *For more details, please refer to the PDF document or feel free to contact us.

• Contract Inspection

T-type attenuators and N-type attenuators! Packed with know-how shared by our engineers.

This document introduces questions and answers regarding EMI countermeasure resistive attenuators (attenuators). It includes know-how shared by our engineers about T-type attenuators, N-type attenuators, π-type attenuators, and more. This is a book that provides easy-to-understand explanations by characters. 【Contents】 ■#076 EMI Countermeasures – Resistive Attenuators (Attenuators) – ■#077 EMI Countermeasures – T-type Attenuators – ■#078 EMI Countermeasures – T-type Attenuators Part 2 – ■#079 EMI Countermeasures – π-type Attenuators – *For more details, please refer to the PDF document or feel free to contact us.

• Other measurement, recording and measuring instruments
• others

Impedance, undershoot, etc.! We publish know-how shared by our engineers.

This document introduces questions and answers regarding EMI countermeasures for transmission lines. It includes know-how shared by our engineers on topics such as the propagation speed of electrical signals, distributed constants, and lumped constants. The content is presented in a way that is easy to understand, featuring characters that explain the concepts clearly. 【Contents (excerpt)】 ■#038 EMI Countermeasures - Signal Transmission Line Design and EMI ■#057 EMI Countermeasures - Transmission Line 1 (Propagation Speed of Electrical Signals) ■#058 EMI Countermeasures - Transmission Line 2 (Distributed Constants and Lumped Constants) ■#059 EMI Countermeasures - Transmission Line 3 (Impedance 1) ■#060 EMI Countermeasures - Transmission Line 3 ■#061 EMI Countermeasures - Transmission Line 4 (Overshoot) *For more details, please refer to the PDF document or feel free to contact us.

• EMC/Static electricity measuring equipment
• EMC Testing
• Contract measurement

Big can accommodate small / Guidelines for computer placement, including precautions for capacity variations!

This document introduces questions and answers regarding EMI countermeasures related to bypass capacitors. It includes insights from our engineers on topics such as "A bypass capacitor is not a capacitor," "Larger capacitors can serve smaller ones," "The proper placement of bypass capacitors," and "Want to enhance the effectiveness of bypass capacitors?" It is a book that provides clear explanations through engaging characters. [Contents] ■#010 EMI Countermeasures – A bypass capacitor is not a capacitor?? ■#011 EMI Countermeasures – Can a large bypass capacitor serve a small one?? ■#012 EMI Countermeasures – There are rules for bypass capacitor placement too ■#013 EMI Countermeasures – Beware of capacitance variations in bypass capacitors ■#014 EMI Countermeasures – Want to enhance the effectiveness of bypass capacitors? Here comes Mr. R! *For more details, please refer to the PDF document or feel free to contact us.

• Other electronic parts
• others

About capacitor resonance! We publish know-how shared by our engineers!

This document introduces questions and answers regarding capacitors for EMI countermeasures. It includes information on the impedance of capacitors, the equivalent impedance Z when two capacitors are connected in parallel, frequency characteristics, and more. It is a book that provides explanations in an easy-to-understand manner with characters. [Contents] ■#066 EMI Countermeasures - Resonance of Capacitors 1 ■#067 EMI Countermeasures - Resonance of Capacitors 2 ■#068 EMI Countermeasures - Resonance of Capacitors 3 ■#069 EMI Countermeasures - Resonance of Capacitors 4 ■#071 EMI Countermeasures - Resonance of Capacitors 5 ■#075 EMI Countermeasures - Resonance of Capacitors 6 *For more details, please refer to the PDF document or feel free to contact us.

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Mechanisms of common mode noise generation! Know-how shared by our engineers.

This document introduces questions and answers regarding common mode in EMI countermeasures. Starting with "What are common mode and normal mode?", it includes insights from our engineers on topics such as "The mechanism of common mode noise generation" and "Countermeasures for common mode noise." It is a book that provides easy-to-understand explanations through characters. 【Contents】 ■#015 EMI Countermeasures - What are common mode and normal mode? ■#028 EMI Countermeasures - The mechanism of common mode noise generation Part 1: Mode conversion ■#029 EMI Countermeasures - The mechanism of common mode noise generation Part 1 ■#033 EMI Countermeasures - The mechanism of common mode noise generation Part 2: Sequel ■#039 EMI Countermeasures - Countermeasures for common mode noise *For more details, please refer to the PDF document or feel free to contact us.

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Inductors and capacitors! Publishing know-how shared by our engineers.

This document introduces questions and answers about filters for EMI countermeasures. It includes know-how shared by our engineers regarding inductors and capacitors. It is a book that explains the concepts in an easy-to-understand manner. [Contents] ■#047 EMI Countermeasures - Filter (Inductor Part 1) ■#048 EMI Countermeasures - Filter (Inductor Part 2) ■#052 EMI Countermeasures - Filter (Capacitor Part 1) ■#053 EMI Countermeasures - Filter (Capacitor Part 2) *For more details, please refer to the PDF document or feel free to contact us.

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Explanation of V-type power supply impedance stabilization circuit network and Δ-type power supply impedance stabilization circuit network!

This document introduces questions and answers regarding noise terminal voltage for EMI countermeasures. It includes know-how shared by our engineers on technologies such as V-type power supply impedance stabilization circuit networks and Δ-type power supply impedance stabilization circuit networks. This book provides an easy-to-understand explanation by a character. 【Contents】 ■#040 EMI Countermeasures - Conducted Emission (Noise Terminal Voltage) V-type Power Supply Impedance Stabilization Circuit Network ■#041 EMI Countermeasures - Conducted Emission (Noise Terminal Voltage) Δ-type Power Supply Impedance Stabilization Circuit Network *For more details, please refer to the PDF document or feel free to contact us.

• Contract Inspection

Useful information about development design! We will introduce answers to your questions in this one book.

This document introduces questions and answers regarding noise related to EMI countermeasures. It includes insights from our engineers on topics such as the three factors of noise radiation, accelerating countermeasures in simulations, and how to identify noise sources. The content is presented in a way that is easy to understand, featuring characters that explain the concepts. 【Contents】 ■#002 EMI Countermeasures - Why does noise occur? Question the contributing elements. ■#003 EMI Countermeasures - The three factors of noise radiation; implement countermeasures upstream. ■#004 EMI Countermeasures - To identify noise sources, understand frequency and use analysis tools. ■#005 EMI Countermeasures - Countermeasures for noise propagation paths involve filter insertion and ground improvement. ■#006 EMI Countermeasures - Aim for countermeasures that target the opposite direction of deterioration. *For more details, please refer to the PDF document or feel free to contact us.

• Contract Inspection

The "240well 2D Code Attached Tube" is a product with a 200μl type and a rack lid lock function. It is compatible with liquid nitrogen vapor. It allows for the storage and management of a large number of samples in a small space, making it easier to understand. Additionally, it does not use sealing materials, which improves sealability and allows for safer use. 【Features】 ■ Developed a 2D code attached tube for ultra-micro volumes (200μl) ■ Compatible with liquid nitrogen vapor ■ Adopts a new type of screw cap that does not use O-rings, packing, or gaskets ■ Improved sealability and safer use due to the absence of sealing materials *For more details, please download the PDF or feel free to contact us.

Yoshikawa Co., Ltd. Realization Division will exhibit at the 40th Nepcon Japan. ■ Dates: January 21 (Wed) - 23 (Fri), 2025 ■ Venue: Tokyo Big Sight ■ Booth: East Hall 4 E6-19 Clean and Static Control Zone The exhibit will feature a storage shelf for slide-type metal masks. 【Efficient storage with a sliding mechanism】 【Easy to take out even while wearing gloves】 【Customization to meet the needs of individual customers】 We invite you to come and see it. ■ Pre-registration (free) is available here or through related links: https://www.nepconjapan.jp/tokyo/ja-jp/register.html?code=1522511758302164-EUA

We would like to introduce "Stability 2" handled by FCR and Bio Co., Ltd. This product is a jacket tube with a rack lid lock and anti-rotation function (compatible capacity 2.1ml). Additionally, for products equipped with the rack ID function, a 2D code for rack ID is provided on the bottom surface of the rack, allowing simultaneous reading of the tube ID (bottom surface 2D code) and rack ID within the rack, thereby reducing stress on samples during the reading process. 【Features】 ■ Polypropylene ■ Autoclavable ■ DMSO compatible ■ Compatible with liquid nitrogen vapor *For more details, please download the PDF or feel free to contact us.

Fukuda's new flagship model. - Masterless type (FLA-0200 series) - General type (FLA-0201 series) Two models of air leak testers. With the mastering correction function, high-precision measurements can be achieved in a short time. Please take a look at the catalog.

What is an Air Leak Tester? An "Air Leak Tester" is a device that pressurizes the inside (or outside) of a sealed workpiece with air and determines the presence of leaks based on pressure changes. When a master with no leaks and a workpiece with leaks are pressurized, the pressure on the workpiece side decreases, creating a pressure difference between the two. By measuring this pressure difference, the presence of leaks can be determined. Generally, differential pressure air leak testing is widely used, but Fukuda also offers products that utilize direct pressure leak testing and flow meters according to the leak rate, in addition to differential pressure leak testers. Since the air leak tester uses air as the measurement medium, it incurs no running costs and is environmentally friendly.