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In addition to mineral oils, fats, surfactants, and other substances contained in water-soluble cutting oils, there can also be contamination from hydraulic oils and lubricants from machines, which serve as food for microorganisms and promote their proliferation. During this proliferation process, sulfur compounds and various odor gases are generated. Therefore, measures to address this odor include "preventing the proliferation of microorganisms," "preventing contamination from other oils," and "eliminating the impact of chips." For more details, please refer to the PDF download below. 【Odor Control Measures】 ■ Preventing the proliferation of microorganisms ■ Preventing contamination from other oils ■ Eliminating the impact of chips *For more information, please refer to the PDF document or feel free to contact us.

• Cutting Oil

Cutting oils and tool life are said to be very closely related. The development of tools began in the early 1900s with "high-speed steel," which is a material that does not soften at high temperatures even when cutting at high speeds, hence the name high-speed tool steel. Since then, the history of tools has involved continuous development to increase cutting speeds further and to ensure that tool life can be maintained even at high temperatures (i.e., whether heat resistance at the cutting edge can be achieved). Cutting oils contribute to extending tool life by minimizing the generation of friction heat and machining heat that occurs between the tool and the workpiece through their lubrication function. Additionally, they efficiently remove heat from the machining area through their cooling function by dissipating heat that spreads around the machining area, thereby suppressing the temperature rise of the tool itself and contributing to increased tool life. *For more details, please refer to the PDF document or feel free to contact us.*

• Cutting Oil

"Cutting oils" can minimize the friction heat generated between the tool and the workpiece due to the lubrication function of the cutting oil. Furthermore, the cleaning function removes chips and grinding debris generated during processing from the processing area, preventing surface scratches caused by chips sticking to the cutting edge and preventing grinding burns and scratches caused by clogging of the grinding wheel. As a disadvantage, in the case of water-soluble cutting oils, especially during the rainy season and summer when temperatures rise, the cutting fluid is prone to spoilage due to anaerobic bacteria, leading to unpleasant odors in the workplace and necessitating oil replacement. To promote a circular economy, how to incorporate the 3Rs (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle) of waste oil regarding this disadvantage will be a future challenge. [Advantages] ■ Minimizes friction heat generated by the lubrication function ■ Cools friction heat and processing heat, dispersing heat away from the processing area ■ Maintains processing quality by preventing the formation of built-up edges on the tool's cutting edge ■ Prevents grinding burns and scratches caused by clogging of the grinding wheel due to grinding debris *For more details, please refer to the PDF document or feel free to contact us.

• Cutting Oil

Water-soluble cutting oils tend to increase in temperature as the weather warms up from late May to mid-October, reaching a temperature conducive to the proliferation of microorganisms (20-40°C), which can lead to the growth of these organisms and the release of unpleasant odors. These microorganisms include aerobic bacteria, which thrive in the presence of air (oxygen), and anaerobic bacteria, which reproduce in the absence of air (oxygen), both of which feed on the same organic matter. Anaerobic bacteria reproduce more slowly than aerobic bacteria, but they produce a strong odor reminiscent of rotten eggs, which becomes the source of the foul smell. Additionally, black mold, which prefers dark areas such as the bottom of tanks, can also develop at the boundary of the oil level in the tank. It is worth noting that because anaerobic bacteria reproduce slowly, it is often observed that during factory holidays or long breaks when machines are left idle for extended periods, these anaerobic bacteria proliferate, causing unpleasant odors to fill the factory. *For more details, please refer to the PDF document or feel free to contact us.*

• Cutting Oil

Cutting fluids can be broadly divided into two types: oil-based non-water-soluble cutting fluids and water-soluble cutting fluids that are intended to be diluted with water. Each type has different degradation modes, so it is necessary to consider maintenance separately for each. The causes of degradation for non-water-soluble cutting fluids include contamination from other oils, chips, moisture intrusion, and machining heat. For water-soluble cutting fluids, the causes of degradation include microorganisms, contamination from other oils, and chips. Since water-soluble cutting fluids are diluted with water for use, the working solution is prone to degradation, making maintenance important. For more details, please refer to the PDF download below. *For more information, please refer to the PDF document or feel free to contact us.

• Cutting Oil

When selecting cutting oils, it is important to consider what materials will be processed and how they will be processed, as well as the impact of long-term use of cutting oils on the surrounding environment. In recent years, improvements in workplace environments have progressed, and looking at the trends in domestic cutting oil shipments, non-water-soluble cutting oils are gradually decreasing, with shipments of water-soluble cutting oils already exceeding half. Additionally, there are movements to improve non-water-soluble cutting oils, such as reducing viscosity and increasing flash points, but from a long-term perspective considering the impact on workplace environments and responses to decarbonization and SDGs, it is expected that the trend of selecting environmentally friendly water-soluble cutting oils will continue. For more details, please refer to the PDF download below. *For more information, please refer to the PDF document or feel free to contact us.*

• Cutting Oil

Non-water-soluble cutting oils are used in their concentrated form, and the cooling properties are adjusted based on the components of the concentrate. In the case of water-soluble cutting oils, they are diluted with water to the appropriate concentration for use. The concentration of water-soluble cutting oil in actual processing environments is adjusted according to the workpiece and processing method. There are three types of water-soluble cutting oils in order of increasing oil concentration: emulsion, soluble, and solution. Emulsion is the closest to non-water-soluble cutting oils, while soluble is generally used as the main type. *For more details, please refer to the PDF materials or feel free to contact us.*

• Cutting Oil

Cutting oils can be categorized into water-soluble cutting oils, which are designed to be diluted with water, and oil-based non-water-soluble cutting oils. Initially, only non-water-soluble cutting oils were used to prevent tool burning and tool wear. As the era of mass production began, the demand for increased processing speeds grew, leading to the development of ceramic tools such as carbide tools that enabled high-temperature cutting. However, oil cooling could not keep up with the cooling demands and posed a fire risk, which led to the practical application of water-soluble cutting oils that allow for rapid cooling. Oil-based cutting oils excel in lubricity and penetrability, achieving finishing precision, possessing rust resistance, and being less prone to spoilage. In other words, non-water-soluble cutting oils have excellent cutting functions, while the development of water-soluble cutting oils has progressed from the perspective of how to incorporate the characteristics of oil. 【Features of Water-Soluble Cutting Oils】 ■ High cooling speed - Water has a specific heat that is twice that of oil, allowing it to absorb double the heat with the same volume of coolant. - The heat absorption capacity during water evaporation (latent heat of vaporization) is very large (the latent heat of vaporization of water is approximately 540 kcal/kg). *For more details, please refer to the PDF document or feel free to contact us.

• Cutting Oil

Cutting oils can be broadly classified into "non-water-soluble cutting oils," which are oil-based, and "water-soluble cutting oils," which are diluted with water. The composition of the two types differs significantly. "Non-water-soluble cutting oils" are basically used in their concentrated form, and the oils can be either mineral oils derived from petroleum or animal and vegetable fats. Mineral oils have high thermal stability, while fats excel in lubricity and permeability. Additionally, when heavy machining is performed, sulfur-based extreme pressure additives are added to the concentrated oil. In other words, "non-water-soluble cutting oils" consist of three types of components: mineral oils, fats, and extreme pressure additives, and the ratio of these components is adjusted based on the machining target and content. "Water-soluble cutting oils," on the other hand, are generally used by diluting the concentrated form to an appropriate concentration. They significantly enhance cooling properties with water, but to achieve lubricity based on water, mineral oils and fats are added. Furthermore, surfactants are included to solubilize, emulsify, and enhance permeability of the oil in water, along with rust inhibitors and preservatives to prevent rust and spoilage due to oil-water mixing. *For more details, please refer to the PDF document or feel free to contact us.*

• Cutting Oil

Cutting oils can be categorized into those based on oils such as fats and mineral oils, and those based on water that have added functions of lubrication, rust prevention, and preservation. The water-based ones are soluble in water, hence they are called "water-soluble cutting oils." Conventional cutting oils are oil-based and do not dissolve in water, so they are referred to as "non-water-soluble cutting oils." Regarding the types of cutting oils, according to JIS standards, there are four types of "non-water-soluble cutting oils" (one type without sulfur-based extreme pressure additives, and three additional types with sulfur-based extreme pressure additives depending on the amount added), and three types of "water-soluble cutting oils" (based on oil quantity: emulsion/soluble/solution). *For more details, please refer to the PDF materials or feel free to contact us.*

• Cutting Oil

When performing machining with lathes, milling machines, and grinding machines, applying liquid to the workpiece improves machining efficiency and finishing quality. The liquid used is typically a lubricant known as "cutting oil." Subsequently, due to the demand for improved machining efficiency, cutting fluids that can be diluted with water for rapid cooling were developed, and these are collectively referred to as "cutting fluids." In other words, cutting fluids are divided into oil-based non-water-soluble cutting fluids that can be used as is without dilution, and water-soluble cutting fluids that are used when diluted with water. In recent years, with the demands of industrial processing for QCD—namely high quality, high precision, cost reduction, and shorter delivery times—the importance of cutting fluids has also increased. Due to the differences in cutting fluids, not only finishing quality but also tool life and machining environment can be affected, making it essential to choose cutting fluids that are suitable for the machining methods and conditions. *For more details, please refer to the PDF document or feel free to contact us.*

• Cutting Oil

Kiswell welding materials, known for their overwhelming cost performance and widely adopted by major users. Cool Tech is an authorized dealer of Kiswell.

• Welding Machine