By bonding heavy elements to polymer chains, the contrast of structures and forms derived from the polymers can be enhanced, allowing for clearer observation under an electron microscope.
There are mainly three types of dyes, which are used according to the observation target. - Osmium tetroxide (OsO4) It selectively reacts with the unsaturated polymer material's ?CH=CH- (double bond). - Ruthenium tetroxide (RuO4) It cross-links with the amorphous parts of saturated polymer materials such as polyolefins. - Phosphotungstic acid (H3[P(W3O10)4]·xH2O, abbreviated as PTA) It reacts with polyamides and other materials containing the -CONH functional group.
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? Structural observation of blended polymers and polymer alloys ? Structural observation of olefin-based polymer lamellar crystals
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