We have compiled a list of manufacturers, distributors, product information, reference prices, and rankings for Insulating Materials.
ipros is IPROS GMS ・ IPROS One of the largest technical database sites in Japan that collects information on.

Insulating Materials Product List and Ranking from 34 Manufacturers, Suppliers and Companies | IPROS GMS

Last Updated： Aggregation Period:Feb 18, 2026～Mar 17, 2026
This ranking is based on the number of page views on our site.

Insulating Materials Manufacturer, Suppliers and Company Rankings

Last Updated： Aggregation Period:Feb 18, 2026～Mar 17, 2026
This ranking is based on the number of page views on our site.

  1. 富士化学産業 Osaka//Chemical
  2. 総研電気 Tokyo//Testing, Analysis and Measurement
  3. ヤマグチマイカ Aichi//Glass and clay products
  4. 4 三菱ケミカル 工業・メディカルフィルムズセールスグループ Tokyo//Resin/Plastic
  5. 5 日本計測器製造所 Tokyo//Other manufacturing
Go to Company Ranking

Insulating Materials Product ranking

Last Updated： Aggregation Period:Feb 18, 2026～Mar 17, 2026
This ranking is based on the number of page views on our site.

  1. No chemical attack! Water-based insulating material for screw lock that can also be used with resin screws. 富士化学産業
  2. Insulating material "Mica Plate" ヤマグチマイカ
  3. Variable Frequency Voltage Withstand Test Power Supply 'DAC-WT-50/DAC-WT-25' 総研電気
  4. 4 Soken Electric Co., Ltd. Electrical Insulation Material C & tanδ Measurement Instrument Product Catalog 総研電気
  5. 4 Insulating material that combines heat dissipation, high rigidity, and heat resistance. 三菱ケミカル 工業・メディカルフィルムズセールスグループ

Insulating Materials Product List

31～51 item / All 51 items

Displayed results
Variable Frequency Voltage Withstand Test Power Supply 'DAC-WT-50/DAC-WT-25'

Variable Frequency Voltage Withstand Test Power Supply 'DAC-WT-50/DAC-WT-25'

It is possible to apply an accurate voltage to the test sample! Introducing the No-Corona Variable Frequency High Voltage Test Power Supply.

The "DAC-WT-50/DAC-WT-25" is a no-corona variable frequency power supply for partial discharge measurement. Since it uses a linear amplifier, waveform distortion does not affect the power supply waveform, allowing for accurate voltage application to the test specimen. Additionally, we offer a "safety box" equipped with a magnetic catch, insulating plate, and measurement H/L terminals. 【Specifications (excerpt)】 ■ Input Voltage: AC100V 50/60Hz ■ Maximum Output ・AC5000V/50mA (DAC-WT-50) ・AC2500V/100mA (DAC-WT-25) ■ Partial Discharge: Below 10pC (at maximum output voltage) ■ Setting Voltage: 5V steps ■ Output Frequency: 46Hz to 1kHz *For more details, please refer to the PDF document or feel free to contact us.

  • Environmental Test Equipment
  • Other measurement, recording and measuring instruments
  • Insulating Materials

Added to bookmarks

Bookmarks list

Bookmark has been removed

Bookmarks list

You can't add any more bookmarks

By registering as a member, you can increase the number of bookmarks you can save and organize them with labels.

Free membership registration
Composite insulating materials

Composite insulating materials

Composite insulating materials

It is a composite material from NIKKAN that combines heat resistance, flame retardancy, chemical resistance, and toughness of Nomex paper and other special papers.

  • others
  • Insulating Materials

Added to bookmarks

Bookmarks list

Bookmark has been removed

Bookmarks list

You can't add any more bookmarks

By registering as a member, you can increase the number of bookmarks you can save and organize them with labels.

Free membership registration
[Example] Flame-retardant insulating material Formex with built-in Li-ion battery

[Example] Flame-retardant insulating material Formex with built-in Li-ion battery

Introducing a case where flame-retardant insulation material was used for Li-lon battery integration! It can be three-dimensional and bent, allowing for diverse design possibilities!

We would like to introduce a case where flame-retardant insulating material was used for Li-lon battery integration. Due to its excellent flexibility, it can be shaped into three-dimensional forms and bent, allowing for diverse design possibilities. 【Details】 ■Solvent Resistance: Polypropylene-based ■Flame Retardancy: UL94 V (VTM)-0 ■Lightweight: Specific gravity 1.035 ■High Voltage Resistance: 22KV/0.43mmt ■CTI: UL0/600V ■Low Moisture Absorption Rate: 0.06% ■Easy Processing: Die-cutting/Press punching ■Flexibility: Diverse design possibilities/Three-dimensional and bending ■UL/RTI: 115℃ *For more details, please request materials or view the PDF data from the download.

  • Other polymer materials
  • others
  • Other electronic parts
  • Insulating Materials

Added to bookmarks

Bookmarks list

Bookmark has been removed

Bookmarks list

You can't add any more bookmarks

By registering as a member, you can increase the number of bookmarks you can save and organize them with labels.

Free membership registration
Insulating Material ◆ Adhesive-free Insulating Material 'Namli' for Miniaturization and Lightweight Design ◆

Insulating Material ◆ Adhesive-free Insulating Material 'Namli' for Miniaturization and Lightweight Design ◆

It is a material with excellent heat resistance, oil resistance, and hydrolysis resistance, eliminating the need for adhesives. Suitable for insulation applications in EV/HEV vehicles!

Kawamura Industries' "Namil" is a material that is directly bonded without the use of adhesives, thanks to our unique plasma surface treatment and thermal lamination technology. Since it is manufactured through a process that does not use any adhesives or solvents, there are no emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), contributing to the reduction of environmental impact on the Earth. By using aramid paper on both sides, we enhance heat resistance and varnish impregnation, and by using PPS film in the intermediate layer, we improve hydrolysis resistance. It is also possible to produce a high heat-resistant grade using polyimide film for the intermediate layer. **Features of Kawamura Industries' "Namil":** - Excellent heat resistance due to being adhesive-free - Thin and excellent thermal conductivity due to being adhesive-free - Superior varnish impregnation due to the use of aramid paper on the surface - Excellent oil resistance and hydrolysis resistance. *For more details, please refer to the PDF document or feel free to contact us.*

  • Paper and pulp products
  • Composite Materials
  • Other polymer materials
  • Insulating Materials

Added to bookmarks

Bookmarks list

Bookmark has been removed

Bookmarks list

You can't add any more bookmarks

By registering as a member, you can increase the number of bookmarks you can save and organize them with labels.

Free membership registration
Insulation Material Processing ◆ Various molding processes available for "Insulating Materials for Industrial Motors" ◆

Insulation Material Processing ◆ Various molding processes available for "Insulating Materials for Industrial Motors" ◆

Since the establishment of the company, we have been processing various materials into different types of insulation for motors and providing them.

Kawamura Industries' "Insulation Materials for Industrial Motors" has been a core business since its founding. We combine materials and processing to meet our customers' requests for "I want this material processed in this way." 【Features of Kawamura Industries' "Insulation Materials for Industrial Motors"】 　■ We can perform processing tailored to customer needs with technology cultivated over many years. *For more details, please refer to the PDF document or feel free to contact us.

  • Paper and pulp products
  • Composite Materials
  • Insulating Materials

Added to bookmarks

Bookmarks list

Bookmark has been removed

Bookmarks list

You can't add any more bookmarks

By registering as a member, you can increase the number of bookmarks you can save and organize them with labels.

Free membership registration
Okuda Corporation Business Introduction

Okuda Corporation Business Introduction

Active research and development along with strict quality control! Providing high-quality products in diverse fields.

Okuda Corporation provides high-quality products in various fields, including functional films, functional papers, electronic materials, and more, utilizing the technology and development capabilities accumulated over its history of more than 100 years in the electronics industry. Even in unknown fields, we continuously explore new areas through close communication with our customers and proactive proposals. We are looking towards a new future as a partner company that grows together with our customers and can soar together. 【Business Activities】 ○ Products related to the electronics industry ○ Packaging supplies ○ Banking-related products ○ Processing division For more details, please contact us or download the catalog.

  • Paper and pulp products
  • Adhesive tape
  • Cushioning material
  • Insulating Materials

Added to bookmarks

Bookmarks list

Bookmark has been removed

Bookmarks list

You can't add any more bookmarks

By registering as a member, you can increase the number of bookmarks you can save and organize them with labels.

Free membership registration
East Special Paint Co., Ltd. Business Introduction

East Special Paint Co., Ltd. Business Introduction

In addition to our unique technology, we are developing high value-added products through joint development!

Tohoku Coating Co., Ltd. is a company primarily engaged in the sale of varnishes for electrical insulation enamel wires and electrical materials adhesives. Through the development and manufacturing of electrical insulation materials, we are constantly striving to improve quality and enhance our product lineup, while promoting the rationalization of our production system and technological innovation. Our high-performance adhesives for circuit boards, among other products, have received high praise for their technical capabilities and quality. Additionally, our company possesses unique technologies in electrical insulation materials. We dig up the seeds hidden beyond our customers' needs and provide products that offer greater satisfaction. 【Business Activities】 ■ Sale of varnishes for electrical insulation enamel wires and electrical materials adhesives *For more details, please refer to our catalog or feel free to contact us.

  • paint
  • Processing Contract
  • Contract manufacturing
  • Insulating Materials

Added to bookmarks

Bookmarks list

Bookmark has been removed

Bookmarks list

You can't add any more bookmarks

By registering as a member, you can increase the number of bookmarks you can save and organize them with labels.

Free membership registration
Zawamura Electric Materials Co., Ltd. Business Introduction

Zawamura Electric Materials Co., Ltd. Business Introduction

Actively responding to environmental and quality requirements! Aiming to be a reliable business partner.

We provide a range of products that accurately reflect the requirements from material selection to processing. Our business includes the processing and sales of various types of adhesive tapes for electrical insulation, electrical insulation materials such as Nomex, high-performance films, and electronic materials. Additionally, our processing department performs slitting, flat cutting, and press/Thomson processing. Please feel free to contact us when you need our services. 【Product Information (Partial)】 ■ Electrical Insulation Materials - Various types of adhesive tapes for electrical insulation - Nomex (regular stock item) - Glass cloth, tape, prepreg materials - Electrical insulation paper (some stock items) - GA board - Electrical insulation varnish/resin, special polyester-based resins, epoxy-based resins *For more details, please refer to the PDF materials or feel free to contact us.

  • Other metal materials
  • Insulating Materials

Added to bookmarks

Bookmarks list

Bookmark has been removed

Bookmarks list

You can't add any more bookmarks

By registering as a member, you can increase the number of bookmarks you can save and organize them with labels.

Free membership registration
Please leave the selection and processing of electrical insulation materials to us.

Please leave the selection and processing of electrical insulation materials to us.

We offer a wide variety of processing options, such as narrow film and small lots, to provide our customers with suitable products!

We would like to introduce the strengths of processing at Sawamura Electric Materials Co., Ltd. We specialize in lightweight and compact processing, contributing to the miniaturization and weight reduction of components. We can accommodate specified slit widths in 0.1mm increments. We are also able to adjust the winding length, which cannot be done with circular cutting. The diameter of the paper tube can be changed according to your requirements. 【Processing Strengths】 ■ We specialize in lightweight and compact processing, contributing to the miniaturization and weight reduction of components. ■ We can accommodate specified slit widths in 0.1mm increments. ■ We can adjust the winding length, which cannot be done with circular cutting. ■ The diameter of the paper tube can be changed according to your requirements. *For more details, please refer to the PDF document or feel free to contact us.

  • Processing Contract
  • Insulating Materials

Added to bookmarks

Bookmarks list

Bookmark has been removed

Bookmarks list

You can't add any more bookmarks

By registering as a member, you can increase the number of bookmarks you can save and organize them with labels.

Free membership registration
We respond to requests for small lots of insulating materials.

We respond to requests for small lots of insulating materials.

We offer custom-made solutions for small lots! We also accept small roll slitting processing.

Our company responds to requests for slitting processing of insulating materials such as industrial films, accommodating a variety of types and small lots. We can handle not only long-length slitting of Nomex, PET films, Kapton, PEEK films, and press boards but also small roll slitting. We offer custom-made solutions according to your needs. 【Our Strengths】 ■ Expertise in processing difficult materials ■ Contributing to miniaturization and weight reduction of components ■ Capable of fine dimensional adjustments ■ Support for a variety of types and small lots *For more details, please refer to the PDF document or feel free to contact us.

  • Processing Contract
  • Insulating Materials

Added to bookmarks

Bookmarks list

Bookmark has been removed

Bookmarks list

You can't add any more bookmarks

By registering as a member, you can increase the number of bookmarks you can save and organize them with labels.

Free membership registration
Electrical insulation materials

Electrical insulation materials

We offer a lineup of "extrusion tubes" and "insulating varnish"! Trust us for all your electrical insulation material needs.

Our company specializes in electronics components and primarily handles electrical insulation materials. We offer a lineup that includes "sleeve cables" made of Teflon, nylon, glass, and Koneks, as well as "silicone varnish tubes" and "insulation tape." In addition, we also provide laminated boards, printed circuit board processing materials, synthetic resins, electric wires, and various electronics-related products. 【Product lineup (partial)】 ■ Electrical insulation materials ■ Synthetic resin materials ■ Electric wires ■ Printed circuit boards ■ Various adhesive tapes *For more details, please refer to the PDF document or feel free to contact us.

  • Other electronic parts
  • Insulating Materials

Added to bookmarks

Bookmarks list

Bookmark has been removed

Bookmarks list

You can't add any more bookmarks

By registering as a member, you can increase the number of bookmarks you can save and organize them with labels.

Free membership registration
【Material Selection Points】 Manufacturer specifications should be either listed alongside or removed.

【Material Selection Points】 Manufacturer specifications should be either listed alongside or removed.

Avoid issues with delivery dates and costs! Include general names and also list the manufacturer and part number.

Points for Selecting Resin Materials that Lead to Cost Reduction: "Do not specify the manufacturer, or list it alongside the specification." In machining of resins and engineering plastics, specifying the part number can lead to poor availability, size limitations, or increased costs. Therefore, if the manufacturer is not a concern, do not specify the manufacturer name, or list the part number alongside it. This allows companies performing machining to choose the manufacturer, enabling closer alignment with customer requirements regarding cost and delivery time. [Overview] ■ Specifying the part number can lead to poor availability, size limitations, or increased costs. ■ Only include the general name, or list the manufacturer and part number together. ■ Avoid issues related to delivery time and costs. *For more details, please refer to the related links or feel free to contact us.

  • Processing Contract
  • Insulating Materials

Added to bookmarks

Bookmarks list

Bookmark has been removed

Bookmarks list

You can't add any more bookmarks

By registering as a member, you can increase the number of bookmarks you can save and organize them with labels.

Free membership registration
Paper Bakelite processing insulation material

Paper Bakelite processing insulation material

It is cheaper than fabric bake and is widely used for insulation materials and jigs. As a resin insulation material, it is inexpensive and lightweight, making paper-based processing more common than fabric-based processing.

Phenolic resin, or PF, is applied to paper and cured with heat, resulting in a product known as paper bake. Among thermosetting resins, it is lightweight and inexpensive, with excellent insulation properties. It is also flame-retardant and has superior resistance to acids and water. Bakelite is said to be the oldest synthetic plastic that was industrialized for the first time and is still widely used today. It can be found in electronic circuit boards, as well as in the handles of pots and kettles. There is also cloth bake, which incorporates fabric and is relatively more expensive, but it offers excellent mechanical strength and is resistant to impacts.

  • Other electronic parts
  • Insulating Materials

Added to bookmarks

Bookmarks list

Bookmark has been removed

Bookmarks list

You can't add any more bookmarks

By registering as a member, you can increase the number of bookmarks you can save and organize them with labels.

Free membership registration
CD-6 Partial Discharge Measuring Device

CD-6 Partial Discharge Measuring Device

Built-in pulse counter. Count signal output can be obtained.

The "CD-6 Partial Discharge Measuring Device" is a newly designed product developed to enhance the performance of the CD-5 model and accommodate automation. To support the automation of measurements, it allows for settings and readings of switching ranges, pulse counting, and measurement value readings via a computer. Additionally, improvements have been made in various areas such as pulse linearity, reduction of internal noise, temperature stability, and the dynamic characteristics of the indicating instrument. 【Features】 ■ Safety ■ Standardization of inputs ■ Expanded attenuator range ■ Improved linearity of pulse output ■ Reduction of internal noise ■ Standard equipped counter *For more details, please download the PDF or feel free to contact us.

  • Other measurement, recording and measuring instruments
  • Insulating Materials

Added to bookmarks

Bookmarks list

Bookmark has been removed

Bookmarks list

You can't add any more bookmarks

By registering as a member, you can increase the number of bookmarks you can save and organize them with labels.

Free membership registration
[Research Material] Global Market for Electrical Motor Insulation Materials

[Research Material] Global Market for Electrical Motor Insulation Materials

World Market for Electrical Motor Insulation Materials: Glass, Varnish, Paper & Film, Rubber, PVC, Rigid Laminates, Resins, Teflon, Others, ...

This research report (Global Electric Motor Insulation Material Market) investigates and analyzes the current status and outlook for the global electric motor insulation materials market over the next five years. It includes information on the overview of the global electric motor insulation materials market, trends of major companies (sales, selling prices, market share), market size by segment, market size by major regions, and distribution channel analysis. The segments by type in the electric motor insulation materials market include glass, varnish, paper/film, rubber, PVC, rigid laminate, resin, Teflon, and others, while the segments by application cover appliances, logistics/material handling, mining/metallurgy, energy/power, oil/gas, and others. The regional segments are classified into North America, the United States, Europe, Asia-Pacific, Japan, China, India, South Korea, Southeast Asia, South America, the Middle East, and Africa, to calculate the market size for electric motor insulation materials. The report also includes the market share of major companies in electric motor insulation materials, product and business overviews, and sales performance.

  • Other services
  • Insulating Materials

Added to bookmarks

Bookmarks list

Bookmark has been removed

Bookmarks list

You can't add any more bookmarks

By registering as a member, you can increase the number of bookmarks you can save and organize them with labels.

Free membership registration
Insulation Solutions from Corning Incorporated for Electronic Devices

Insulation Solutions from Corning Incorporated for Electronic Devices

High-quality materials from Saint-Gobain Corporation that solve insulation challenges in electronic devices.

In the electronics industry, improving insulation performance is essential due to the miniaturization and high performance of products. Particularly in high-frequency and high-temperature environments, the reliability of insulation materials affects product lifespan. Insulation failures can lead to short circuits or fires, potentially resulting in serious accidents. The products of Saint-Gobain Corporation offer excellent insulation and durability to address these challenges. 【Application Scenarios】 - Insulation of electronic components - Insulation of circuit boards - Insulation of cables 【Benefits of Implementation】 - Increased product reliability due to high insulation performance - Stable operation in harsh environments - Extended product lifespan

  • others
  • Insulating Materials

Added to bookmarks

Bookmarks list

Bookmark has been removed

Bookmarks list

You can't add any more bookmarks

By registering as a member, you can increase the number of bookmarks you can save and organize them with labels.

Free membership registration
Design of motors for HEVs and EVs and the heat resistance and high voltage resistance of insulating materials.

Design of motors for HEVs and EVs and the heat resistance and high voltage resistance of insulating materials.

~High Durability PET, Motor Winding Development, Testing Methods, Insulation Breakdown Mechanisms, International Standards~

★ Let's understand motor design and grasp the performance required for insulating materials!! ★ What materials are used for motors in automobiles!? ★ What are the testing methods to confirm the performance and durability of insulating materials and insulating sheets!? ★ How will international standards and development trends change for future PHVs and EVs?

  • Company：AndTech
  • Price：10,000 yen-100,000 yen
  • Technical Seminar
  • Insulating Materials

Added to bookmarks

Bookmarks list

Bookmark has been removed

Bookmarks list

You can't add any more bookmarks

By registering as a member, you can increase the number of bookmarks you can save and organize them with labels.

Free membership registration
High heat-resistant powder resol resin, an insulating material that enhances the safety of electrical products.

High heat-resistant powder resol resin, an insulating material that enhances the safety of electrical products.

Case studies of powder resol for electrical insulation materials: It is heat and chemical resistant, and once cured, it does not deform, making it suitable for precision insulation boards and molded products.

Powdered resol resin (pure resol) is a powdered form of resol-type phenolic resin with an extremely low amount of monomers. It not only suppresses odor generation but also complies with regulations (not classified as a toxic substance under the Poisonous and Deleterious Substances Control Law). We offer a range of grades that provide various benefits, such as improved workability and mixability, tailored to specific applications and requirements. This time, we would like to introduce a case study utilizing powdered resol resin as an electrical insulation material. [Case Study] Target: Insulation boards, precision molded parts Role: A raw material mixed with fillers to form non-conductive (insulating) parts Reason: It possesses heat resistance after curing, mechanical strength, and excellent electrical insulation performance Effect: Extends the lifespan of parts, prevents short circuit accidents, and provides high dimensional stability *For more details, please download the PDF or contact us.

  • Other polymer materials
  • Insulating Materials

Added to bookmarks

Bookmarks list

Bookmark has been removed

Bookmarks list

You can't add any more bookmarks

By registering as a member, you can increase the number of bookmarks you can save and organize them with labels.

Free membership registration
Bioglass for home appliances

Bioglass for home appliances

It combines heat dissipation, dielectric strength, and adhesion, contributing to the longevity of home appliances.

In the home appliance industry, extending the lifespan of products is an important challenge. In particular, power modules are affected by degradation due to heat, so excellent heat dissipation and insulation performance are required. "Bioglass" contributes to the longevity of home appliances by enhancing sealing quality to accommodate high-power applications. 【Usage Scenarios】 - Sealing of power modules - High-power home appliances - Products that aim to achieve longevity 【Benefits of Implementation】 - Improved product reliability - Reduced risk of failure - Extended product lifespan

  • バイロ.png
  • Composite Materials
  • Insulating Materials

Added to bookmarks

Bookmarks list

Bookmark has been removed

Bookmarks list

You can't add any more bookmarks

By registering as a member, you can increase the number of bookmarks you can save and organize them with labels.

Free membership registration
Basic Knowledge: Electrical Insulation Properties of Lepcomica [Study Edition]

Basic Knowledge: Electrical Insulation Properties of Lepcomica [Study Edition]

One of the characteristics of mica is its insulating properties! It is also resistant to heat and difficult to conduct electricity! It is used in various places, mainly in electronic devices and home appliances, as an insulating material!

Electrical Insulation Due to its high electrical insulation properties, it is used in electrical components and home appliances. Mainly, it is used in home appliances, electronic device components, specialty paper, coatings, semiconductor-related products, etc. Because it is easy to process, it is found in various places, from familiar everyday items to niche applications. *We handle a variety of mica products in different sizes and grades, primarily focusing on Muscovite (S grade) and Phlogopite (M grade). Mica has good compatibility with various materials such as plastic resins, paints, rubber, films, sealing materials, and adhesives. Please feel free to download for more detailed information. ↓↓↓↓↓↓↓↓

  • Organic Natural Materials
  • plastic
  • Engineering Plastics
  • Insulating Materials

Added to bookmarks

Bookmarks list

Bookmark has been removed

Bookmarks list

You can't add any more bookmarks

By registering as a member, you can increase the number of bookmarks you can save and organize them with labels.

Free membership registration
[Research Material] Global Market for High Voltage Electrical Insulation Materials

[Research Material] Global Market for High Voltage Electrical Insulation Materials

Global Market for High Voltage Electrical Insulation Materials: Electrical Insulating Resins & Coatings, Electrical Laminates & Molded Products, Films & Composites, Mica Products, Pre...

This research report (Global High Voltage Electrical Insulation Material Market) investigates and analyzes the current status and outlook for the global market of high voltage electrical insulation materials over the next five years. It includes information on the overview of the global high voltage electrical insulation materials market, trends of major companies (sales, selling prices, market share), market size by segment, market size by major regions, and distribution channel analysis. The market segments by type include electrical insulation resins & coatings, electrical laminates & molded products, films & composites, mica products, prepregs & impregnated insulation materials, electrical tapes, and others. The segments by application cover power, electrical & electronics, motors, aerospace, new energy, and others. The regional segments are divided into North America, the United States, Europe, Asia-Pacific, Japan, China, India, South Korea, Southeast Asia, South America, the Middle East, and Africa, to calculate the market size of high voltage electrical insulation materials. It also includes the market share of major companies in high voltage electrical insulation materials, product and business overviews, and sales performance.

  • Other services
  • Insulating Materials

Added to bookmarks

Bookmarks list

Bookmark has been removed

Bookmarks list

You can't add any more bookmarks

By registering as a member, you can increase the number of bookmarks you can save and organize them with labels.

Free membership registration
COPYRIGHT © 2001-2026 IPROS CORPORATION ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.