AMK List of Products and Services

Our company, which specializes in the design and manufacturing of far-infrared heaters, is currently offering a free booklet titled "Far-Infrared Knowledge" that condenses explanations and knowledge! From the basic knowledge of "What is far-infrared?" to the characteristics and effects of far-infrared heating, as well as tips for efficient heating, this booklet is packed with information. In just about three minutes of reading, you can acquire knowledge about far-infrared heaters that you might hesitate to ask others! This content is a must-see for both beginners and veterans regarding far-infrared heaters! 【Contents (excerpt)】 ■ Discovery of infrared and far-infrared ■ Discovery of electromagnetic waves and far-infrared ■ Heating methods (electric) and far-infrared heating ★ You can view it immediately from "Catalog Download."

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Our company, which specializes in the design and manufacturing of far infrared heaters, is currently offering a free booklet titled "Tips on Far Infrared Rays," which condenses explanations and knowledge! From the basic knowledge of "What are far infrared rays?" to the characteristics and effects of far infrared heating, as well as tips for efficient heating, this booklet is packed with information. In just about three minutes of reading, you can acquire knowledge about far infrared heaters that you might hesitate to ask others! This content is a must-see for both beginners and veterans regarding far infrared heaters! 【Contents (excerpt)】 ■ Discovery of infrared rays and far infrared rays ■ Discovery of electromagnetic waves and far infrared rays ■ Heating methods (electric) and far infrared heating ★ You can view it immediately from "PDF Download."

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You can download for free "Far Infrared Q&A Collection ~Part 1~" provided by AMK Co., Ltd., a specialized manufacturer of far infrared heaters and heating devices. We have compiled representative questions that we believe should be shared with everyone, gathered from inquiries during our sales activities, emails, and phone calls. We answer questions such as, "What features does a far infrared heating furnace have?" and "I can't achieve proper drying due to variations in drying small parts." 【Example Content (Questions)】 ■ What features does a far infrared heating furnace have? ■ I can't achieve proper drying due to variations in drying small parts. ■ I heard that drying paint with far infrared is efficient. ■ Is it true that far infrared heats from within the material, allowing for faster processing? And more. *For details, please request the materials or view the PDF data from the download.

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• Heating device

Our company, which specializes in the design and manufacturing of far-infrared heaters, is currently offering a free booklet titled "Technical Materials on Far Infrared" that condenses explanations and knowledge! Following some trivia about far infrared, we present the technical materials. From basic knowledge such as "What are the characteristics of far infrared heating?" to a thorough comparison between far infrared heating and hot air heating, as well as a comparison between far infrared heaters and near infrared heaters. In just about three minutes of reading, you can acquire knowledge about far infrared heaters that you might hesitate to ask others! This content is a must-see for both beginners and veterans regarding far infrared heaters! [Contents (excerpt)] ■ Characteristics of far infrared heating ■ Comparison between far infrared heating and hot air heating ■ Comparison between far infrared heaters and near infrared heaters ★ You can view it immediately from "Catalog Download."

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To quickly dry materials that are susceptible to heat damage, "heating and drying with far-infrared heaters" is optimal. Switching from conventional batch drying to continuous drying with far-infrared heaters allows for significant time reduction. Drying with far-infrared heaters can achieve a dryness close to absolute dryness, which cannot be accomplished with hot air drying. It is a panel-type far-infrared heater that poses no risk of dust generation. It is resistant to thermal shock and has high heat resistance, allowing for close arrangement.

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◆To quickly dry substances that are prone to damage from heat, "drying with far-infrared heaters" is optimal. ◆Switching from conventional batch drying to continuous heating with far-infrared heaters allows for significant time reduction. ◆Drying with far-infrared heaters can achieve dryness close to absolute dryness, which cannot be attained with hot air drying. ◆This far-infrared heater uses heat-resistant ceramics, allowing for a compact arrangement. ◆It is coated, making it a dust-free far-infrared heater suitable for use in clean rooms.

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• Ceramic Heater

To quickly dry substances that are susceptible to heat damage, "heating and drying with far-infrared heaters" is optimal. Switching from conventional batch drying to continuous far-infrared drying allows for significant time reduction. Far-infrared drying can achieve a dryness close to absolute dryness, which cannot be attained with hot air drying. Since there is an air layer inside the heating element, it emits more heat to the front. It is a clean heater with no dust generation.

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• Ceramic Heater

To quickly dry substances that are prone to damage from heat, "heating and drying with far-infrared heaters" is optimal. Switching from conventional batch drying to continuous drying with far-infrared heaters enables significant time savings. Heating with far-infrared heaters allows for drying that approaches absolute dryness, which cannot be achieved with hot air drying.

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This is the comprehensive catalog for far-infrared radiation heaters handled by AMK. They are heaters that are resistant to thermal shock, have uniform temperature distribution, and are highly reliable. 【Contents】 　● <Far-Infrared Radiation Panel Type> Clean Heater 　● <Far-Infrared Radiation Type> Straight Heater 　● <Far-Infrared Radiation Type> Ceramic Heater 　● <Far-Infrared Radiation Hollow Type> Ceramic Heater 　● <Far-Infrared Radiation Panel Type> Space Heater 【Features】 　● Uniform temperature distribution 　● Resistant to thermal shock and excellent in cold-heat cycle durability. 　● Heating elements coated with far-infrared radiation glaze. 　● A clean heater with no dust-emitting elements. *For more details, please refer to the catalog download.

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Far-infrared heating is optimal for quickly heating substances that are susceptible to damage from heat. Switching from conventional batch heating to continuous far-infrared heating can significantly reduce processing time.

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The absorption wavelength of coatings and heated plastics (excluding metals) is over 3μ. The radiation wavelength of far-infrared heaters is also over 3μ. Therefore, since they are both absorbers and radiators at wavelengths over 3μ, they are very efficient for heating. In other words, most of the energy is absorbed at the surface of the object. 【Features】 - The heater temperature can be freely adjusted. - The heating and holding zones can be easily set, allowing for continuous conveyor heating. - The temperature distribution of the heated object can be made uniform, leading to improved quality. - Due to high efficiency, it results in a space-saving (compact) device. For more details, please contact us or download the catalog.

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Far infrared heating can raise the temperature of the interior to the same level as the surface in a short time compared to other heating methods. Hot air heating and contact (conductive) heating are methods that heat the object by bringing heated air or the heat source itself into contact with it, and both have the same heat transfer method. Heat flow occurs due to the temperature difference between the hot air and the surface temperature of the object being heated, but only the conductive heat transfer from the surface to the interior occurs, resulting in relatively short time for the surface to reach the same temperature. Therefore, while the surface temperature rises, it takes a considerable amount of time for the temperature to increase throughout the interior. "Features" ○ Far infrared heating can heat the object with almost no temperature difference between the surface and the interior. ○ Compared to hot air heating, where heat gradually transfers from the surface to the interior, it can heat in a shorter time. ○ In the case of paint drying, phenomena such as foaming or cracking are less likely to occur. ○ In plastic processing, uniform heating prevents the occurrence of defective products. ○ For food and herbs, drying can be completed before the active ingredients, aroma, and flavor deteriorate. ○ Temperature distribution can be easily made uniform.

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There are three forms of heating to provide heat to the heated object: direct (contact) heating represented by hot plates, indirect heating represented by hot air heating, and radiant heating represented by far infrared heaters. All can be considered surface heating. Heat is absorbed at the surface of the heated object and transmitted internally through thermal conduction. However, while direct heating and indirect heating have the same mode, far infrared heating is fundamentally different. 【Features】 [Far Infrared Heater] ○ The surface is made of ceramic materials. ○ When far infrared radiation ceramics are heated, they cause molecular vibrations and crystal lattice vibrations, emitting wavelengths of 3μ or more from the surface. ○ In contrast, the molecular vibrations of the heated object are at 3μ or more, so when it receives energy from the far infrared heater, thermal vibrations are excited. ○ The heating from the far infrared heater is efficiently absorbed and generates heat in organic materials like paints and plastics, as well as in polymers, and it is also very well absorbed by water, making it widely used for drying and curing. ○ The heat source for heating far infrared heaters is typically electric heaters using nichrome wire, but gas, steam, and oil are also used. For more details, please contact us or download the catalog.

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Far infrared heaters should have their shapes selected based on the heating method and the shape of the workpiece to achieve more efficient heating. There are production methods such as labeling bottles and using heaters in an open setting or heating within a furnace. Even in furnace heating, there are continuous conveyor furnaces, takt operation furnaces, and fixed furnaces. 【Features】 [Far Infrared Straight Heater] ○ A low-cost heater primarily used in continuous operation furnaces ○ Installed together with a reflector ○ Length, voltage, and wattage can be freely manufactured, and orders can be placed from one unit ○ Can be processed into various shapes such as U-shaped and M-shaped spiral types ○ The standard capacity is below 4W/cm² For more details, please contact us or download the catalog.

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Infrared (far infrared) refers to light with a longer wavelength than red visible light, which cannot be seen by the human eye. Because infrared heaters are red in color, it is easy to mistakenly think that infrared is red. This is because without the red color, it is difficult to tell whether the heater is on, and red is associated with warmth in stores and indoors. 【Features】 ○ Most heating occurs from the surface, regardless of the heating method. ○ The penetration of far infrared into the interior is only on a micron scale. ○ Far infrared heating also heats the surface of objects, and heat is transferred to the interior through conduction. ○ Compared to other heating methods, the transfer of heat at the surface is significantly different, resulting in a large heat flow to the interior with almost no temperature difference between the surface and the interior during heating. ○ In paint drying, solvents from both the surface and the interior evaporate simultaneously, making it less likely to cause bubbling or cracking even with strong heating. For more details, please contact us or download the catalog.

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Far infrared rays have linearity similar to light, making it difficult to heat the shaded areas of the object being heated. Typically, temperature increases through thermal conduction, but if that is not feasible, heating will need to be done while rotating the object. Far infrared straight heaters expand due to heat. For example, with a tube length of 1000 mm, at a surface temperature of 500°C, it expands by 7 to 8 mm, and at 600°C, it expands by 10 to 11 mm. Please maintain a distance from the furnace wall accordingly. The installation must allow one side to be free; otherwise, the heater will deform into a bow shape. The reflector should be made of stainless steel. While aluminum has better reflectivity, it is weak against heat and can oxidize. 【Notes】 ○ When closely arranging far infrared panel-type clean heaters, maintain a gap of at least 2 mm between cases. → Close contact can cause distortion due to thermal expansion. ○ When using three-phase power, design, arrange, and wire with balance in mind. ○ When using a leakage circuit breaker, ensure it has a leakage current of 100 mA or more. ○ Far infrared heating devices should not have a sealed structure; always provide an exhaust outlet. ○ Always ensure proper grounding. For more details, please contact us or download the catalog.

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When heating objects with a far-infrared heater, there are two methods: adjusting the heater's temperature and adjusting the distance between the heater and the object being heated. Which is more advantageous? It is generally easier and more effective to adjust the heater's temperature rather than changing the distance between the heater and the object. Typically, the heater's temperature is adjusted first, and if there is no effect, the distance to the object is then adjusted. 【Features】 ○ Changing the distance between the heater and the object means altering the energy density based on the distance while maintaining a constant output of energy. ○ Adjusting the heater's temperature means increasing or decreasing the energy Q. For more details, please contact us or download the catalog.

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The calculation of heat quantity for far infrared heating is difficult to determine simply, but it can generally be calculated using the following formulas. Ideally, it should be calculated based on the formula for radiative heat transfer, but it must take into account factors such as the emissivity (absorption rate) of the heater and non-heated objects, the heat receiving area, and the angle of heat reception, making it quite challenging in practice. Therefore, the total heat quantity is obtained by multiplying the heat quantity calculated according to the usual heat calculation procedure by the far infrared efficiency ρ. The value of ρ can be determined from empirical data in the range of 0.6 to 0.9. 【Formulas】 ○1. Equipment Power (P) 　P = P0 × 1.1 to 1.2 (equipment margin) (KW) 　P0 = Q / 860 (KW) 　P: Equipment power, P0: Power, Q: Total heat quantity ○2. Calculation of Total Heat Quantity (Q) 　Q = (Q1 + Q2 + Q3 + Q4 + Q5 + Q6) ρ (Kcal/h) 　Q: Total heat quantity (Kcal/h), Q1: Sensible heat quantity of the heated object, Q2: Latent heat of moisture evaporation 　Q3: Heat quantity taken away by the drive part, Q4: Heat quantity flowing out of openings, Q5: Exhaust heat quantity 　Q6: Heat loss from furnace walls, ρ: Far infrared efficiency For more details, please contact us or download the catalog.

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We will introduce examples of metal and plastic coating. AMK Co., Ltd. is a specialized manufacturer of far-infrared heaters and heating devices. We offer a variety of heaters suitable for industrial heating. For clean heating and tact operation or fixed furnaces, we have panel heaters; for continuous heating via conveyors, we have straight heaters; for precise temperature control or heating of small parts, we have ceramic heaters; and for maintaining warmth or low-temperature heating, we have space heaters. Far-infrared heaters are useful for heating, curing, and drying. 【Examples】 [Processed items / Far-infrared heating] ○ Cream-colored paint on steel shelves / Work temperature 140℃ × 5 minutes ○ Clear coating on aluminum plates / Setting 25 minutes, Work temperature 145℃ × 5 minutes ○ Clear coating plus acrylic coating on aluminum plates / Work temperature 190℃ × 3 minutes ○ Water-based paint on can lids / Work temperature 183℃ × 3 minutes ○ White paint on aluminum ski poles / Work temperature 155℃ × 5 minutes For more details, please contact us or download the catalog.

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Here is an example of wood product coating. AMK Co., Ltd. is a specialized manufacturer of far-infrared heaters and heating devices. We offer a variety of heaters suitable for diverse industrial heating applications. For clean heating and tact operation or fixed furnaces, we have panel heaters; for continuous heating via conveyors, we provide straight heaters; for precise temperature control or heating small components, we offer ceramic heaters; and for insulation or low-temperature heating, we have space heaters. Far-infrared heaters are useful for heating, curing, and drying. [Examples] [Processing Material / Far-Infrared Heating] ○ Clear wood with yellowing prevention paint / Work temperature 71℃ × 5 minutes ○ Wooden clock tower with urethane paint / Work temperature hot air 50℃ × 5 minutes + far-infrared 50℃ × 10 minutes ○ Green-painted table tennis table with lacquer enamel application / Work temperature 57℃ × 7 minutes For more details, please contact us or download the catalog.

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AMK Co., Ltd. is a specialized manufacturer of far-infrared heaters and heating devices. We offer a wide variety of heaters suitable for various industrial heating applications. For clean heating and tact operation or fixed furnaces, we provide panel heaters; for continuous heating via conveyors, we have straight heaters; for precise temperature control circuits or heating small components, we offer ceramic heaters; and for maintaining temperature or low-temperature heating, we have space heaters. Far-infrared heaters are useful for heating, curing, and drying. 【Features】 - Effective for heating, drying, curing, preheating, and maintaining temperature - Radiation wavelength is in the far-infrared range of over 3μ → Particularly effective for heating polymer materials (with absorbers from 3μ to 20μ) such as paints, plastics, glass, and ceramics - High thermal radiation efficiency makes these heaters energy-efficient - They act directly on the heated object without a medium, allowing for heating even in a vacuum - When using far-infrared heaters to heat objects, the surface and interior can be heated almost uniformly, resulting in shorter heating times and greater efficiency For more details, please contact us or download the catalog.

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If you need anything related to far-infrared heaters, leave it to AMK! AMK is a specialized manufacturer of far-infrared heaters. We respond to diverse needs with technology tailored to heating purposes. We provide clear examples of the effects of far-infrared heating in metal painting, plastic painting, and wood product painting, comparing them with conventional methods. We also showcase a variety of treated items for different types of painting. [Contents] (Partial Introduction) ● Metal Painting → Cream color painting on a steel shelf: Far-infrared heating at 140°C for 5 minutes → Clear coating + acrylic painting on aluminum plate: 190°C for 3 minutes ● Plastic Painting → Acrylic urethane paint on a nylon engine head cover: 71°C for 10 minutes → Smoke clear on ABS automotive parts: 105°C for 15 minutes ● Wood Product Painting → Yellowing prevention paint on white wood: 71°C for 5 minutes → Urethane coating on a wooden clock tower: Hot air at 50°C for 5 minutes + far-infrared at 50°C for 10 minutes and more For further details, please download the catalog or contact us.

• Heating device

"Far infrared heaters" have high thermal permeability and can achieve uniform heating in a short time. Compared to hot air drying and contact drying, they significantly reduce time and enable automation, achieving labor savings. They particularly contribute to improved work efficiency in drying applications. Our company, which handles various types of far infrared heaters, is currently offering a free technical handbook! This comprehensive book thoroughly explains the characteristics of "far infrared heating," comparisons with hot air heating and contact heating, types and shapes of far infrared heaters, precautions for use, methods for calculating heat quantity, and more, covering everything from basic knowledge to practical content. [Contents] ■ Characteristics of far infrared heating ■ Comparison of far infrared heating and hot air heating ■ Comparison of far infrared heaters and near infrared heaters ■ Types and shapes of far infrared heaters ■ Misconceptions about far infrared (infrared) heating, etc. *For more details, please download the catalog or contact us.

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It is widely known that sunlight is dispersed into seven colors from red to violet when passing through a prism. It is said that Newton was the first to study this scientifically. This is because the wavelength decreases and the refractive index increases as one moves from red to violet. In 1800, the British astronomer Herschel discovered that the temperature rises in the invisible part beyond the red visible light. Since it is located beyond red (with a longer wavelength), it was named infrared. 【Trivia: Basics of Far Infrared】 ○ Discovery of infrared ○ Positioning of far infrared ○ Effects of far infrared For more details, please contact us or download the catalog.

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• Ceramic Heater
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The existence of electromagnetic waves was predicted in the 1800s by British physicist James Clerk Maxwell and was proven by the experiments of German physicist Heinrich Hertz. Additionally, in the 1900s, Albert Einstein demonstrated that electromagnetic waves have particle-like properties through quantum mechanics. In quantum mechanics, light (electromagnetic waves) is treated as quantized photons. 【Trivia: The Discovery of Electromagnetic Waves and Far Infrared Rays】 ○ Electromagnetic waves around us / Electromagnetic waves from space ○ Far infrared rays are a type of electromagnetic wave ○ Electromagnetic generation from heating ○ Far infrared rays For more details, please contact us or download the catalog.

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The heat sources for far infrared heating include electricity, gas, and oil. AMK Co., Ltd. specializes in far infrared heaters and equipment that use electricity as a heat source. Electricity is easy to control and allows for high-precision and high-efficiency heat treatment. The methods of electric heating used in production processes that convert electrical energy into thermal energy include resistance heating, induction heating, dielectric heating, microwave heating, heat pumps, and infrared heating. Among infrared heating, far infrared heating is widely used as an efficient heat source. 【Trivia: Heating Methods (Electric) and Far Infrared Heating】 ○ Resistance Heating / Induction Heating / Dielectric Heating / Microwave Heating / Heat Pumps ○ Far Infrared Heating → A method that uses heaters that emit wavelengths of 3μ or more for efficient heating → Organic materials and polymers (paints, plastics, food, etc.) absorb electromagnetic waves of 3μ or more well and generate heat. For more details, please contact us or download the catalog.

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• Ceramic Heater
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One method of heat transfer, radiant heat transfer (far infrared heating), does not involve contact between the far infrared heater, which is the heat source, and the object. Therefore, even if the temperature of the object is set to a significantly higher level, the surface temperature of the object does not rise sharply. Organic materials, polymers, and ceramics that have absorbers at wavelengths of 3μ or more efficiently absorb heat on the surface through far infrared heating, which radiates at wavelengths of 3μ or more, allowing a nearly constant flow of heat into the interior of the object during the heating time. In other words, the entire object experiences a temperature increase. Since the thermal energy received at the surface flows almost entirely into the interior, the temperature rises almost linearly to the target temperature without just the surface temperature increasing. 【Trivia: Methods of Heat Transfer and Far Infrared Heating】 ○ Conduction → A method of heat transfer that involves direct contact between the heated object and the heat source. ○ Convection → A method that forces heated air or gas in contact with the heat source into the furnace to heat the object placed inside. ○ Radiation (Far Infrared Heating) For more details, please contact us or download the catalog.

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• Ceramic Heater
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Organic substances, polymers, moisture, and ceramics have absorbers at locations of 3μ or more, so when far infrared rays are applied, molecular vibrations become active, leading to a rapid increase in temperature. This allows for a reduction in heating time and the possibility of downsizing heating furnaces. This is one of the most significant effects of far infrared rays. The connections of atomic groups that make up substances are constantly undergoing micro-vibrations, and each substance has its own characteristic vibration. The wavelength of far infrared rays overlaps with the natural frequencies of most substances. Therefore, when far infrared rays are applied to many substances, the vibrations of the constituent atomic groups and lattice vibrations are excited, converting electromagnetic wave energy into vibrational energy within the substance, resulting in thermal vibrations and heat generation. This is the mechanism of far infrared absorption. 【Trivia: Effects of Far Infrared Heating】 - Efficient heating (time reduction, continuous operation, mass production, equipment downsizing) - Uniform heating throughout the interior of the substance (quality improvement, yield enhancement) - Uniform temperature distribution (quality improvement, yield enhancement) - Easy temperature control of heating furnaces (quality improvement, automation, labor saving) - Effect remains unchanged even in a vacuum / clean heating possible / environmentally friendly heater For more details, please contact us or download the catalog.

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• Ceramic Heater
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The amount of thermal energy radiated from a far-infrared heater can be calculated using the following formula: Q = σ × ε × T⁴ × A 　σ: Stefan-Boltzmann constant 　　= 5.6697 × 10⁻¹² (W·cm⁻²·K⁻⁴·h⁻¹) = 20.4 × 10⁻⁸ (KJ·m⁻²·K⁻⁴·h⁻¹) 　ε: Emissivity (0.9) 　T: Absolute temperature (273℃ + X℃) 　A: Heater surface area (m²) 【Calculation Example】 ○ Calculation example for a panel-type heater with an emissivity of 0.9 at 500℃, measuring 300×400mm → Thermal radiation energy Q = 20.4 × 10⁻⁸ × 0.9 × (273 + 500)⁴ × (0.3 × 0.4) = 7866 (KJ/h) ○ When manufacturing a heater with the above performance, → Since 1KW is 3600KJ, 7866/3600 equals 2185W → Therefore, theoretically, creating a 2.2kW heater would be sufficient. For more details, please contact us or download the catalog.

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• Ceramic Heater
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When receiving heat (electromagnetic waves), there are materials that reflect (reflectivity α), absorb (absorption rate β), and transmit (transmission rate γ), and the following calculation formula applies: α + β + γ = 1 An ideal object that reflects nothing (0) and transmits nothing (0) while absorbing everything is called a black body. In other words, 0 + 1 + 0 = 1 Since the reciprocal of absorption is radiation, an object with a radiation rate of 1 is called a black body. The radiation rate is expressed in comparison to a black body, so the radiation rates of other materials are less than or equal to 1. The closer the radiation rate is to 1, the closer it is to a black body, making it easier to emit thermal radiation. To simply observe the differences in radiation rates among heating elements, one can measure the surface temperature of heating elements with the same shape and watt density (W/cm²). The red line represents the surface temperature rise curve of a far-infrared heater with a radiation rate of 0.9, while the blue line represents that of a stainless steel heater with a radiation rate of 0.2. 【Trivia: Radiation Rate】 - Heating elements with a low radiation rate emit less radiation from their surface, and heat transfer occurs only to the air in contact with the surface. → They tend to store heat easily, causing the internal temperature to rise and the surface temperature to be high. - In contrast, far-infrared heaters have a large amount of radiation from their surface. → They store less heat, resulting in a lower surface temperature. For more details, please contact us or download the catalog.

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The peak wavelength refers to the wavelength at which the radiative energy of a black body is maximized. It is sometimes mistakenly assumed that the peak wavelength of a black body can be determined using Wien's law to match the maximum absorption wavelength of the material being processed, and that the temperature of the far-infrared heater can be set accordingly. However, this is incorrect; calculations should be based on Planck's law. At any temperature, the amount of radiative energy on the short wavelength side of the peak wavelength is only 25% of the total radiative energy, while 75% is in the long wavelength range. [Trivia: Peak Wavelength and Radiative Energy Distribution] - For far-infrared heaters, up to 1000°K, there is more energy in the far-infrared range. → For a far-infrared heater with a surface temperature of 800°K (527°C), the radiative energy above 3μm accounts for over 80% of the total radiative energy. - By using a far-infrared heater and determining the heater temperature that can heat the material to the desired temperature, efficient heating can be achieved. For more details, please contact us or download the catalog.

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• Ceramic Heater
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AMK Co., Ltd. is a company that handles industrial far-infrared heaters, heating devices, and drying equipment. The advantages of using far-infrared for paint drying are well known, including not only time reduction but also improvements in film hardness, gloss, and weather resistance. Most paints have absorbers at depths greater than 3μ, making far-infrared heating very efficient. Additionally, convection occurs due to heating, further increasing efficiency. It helps to remove the vapor layer on the surface of the paint film, and by using a fan for forced removal, temperature unevenness in non-heated materials can also be resolved. *For more details, please refer to the catalog or feel free to contact us.

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• Drying Equipment

AMK Co., Ltd. is a company that deals with industrial far-infrared heaters, heating devices, and drying equipment. Far-infrared radiation does not penetrate deeply into objects. It is mostly absorbed in a very thin layer of about 0.1 mm on the surface of the object. The amount of heat absorbed is very large, and it is transmitted as heat flow into the interior of the object, heating it with almost the same amount of energy since the heater temperature remains constant. In other words, the internal and surface temperatures become almost the same, and the temperature rise becomes rapid. *For more details, please refer to the catalog or feel free to contact us.*

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• Drying Equipment

AMK Co., Ltd. is a company that handles industrial far-infrared heaters, heating devices, and drying equipment. It is a typical far-infrared heating furnace that continuously conveys the objects to be heated parallel to the surface where the far-infrared heaters are arranged. This allows for a significant reduction in heating processing time, improvement in quality, streamlining of processes, and labor saving. Therefore, it is well known that there has been a shift from hot air furnaces to continuous far-infrared furnaces. However, due to the same action as light, it is often difficult to achieve uniform heating, especially in areas that are shaded or where the distance from the heater varies depending on the three-dimensional shape of the object, even when using fans. *For more details, please refer to the catalog or feel free to contact us.*

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• Drying Equipment

AMK Co., Ltd. is a company that handles industrial far-infrared heaters, heating devices, and drying equipment. Previously, single parts were flowed into the far-infrared drying furnace, but with the shift to small-batch production of various small parts mixed together, we received reports of undercooked and overcooked parts. Upon investigation, it was found that the mixture consisted of parts with diameters of 50 to 10 mm and thicknesses of 10 to 1 mm, which caused differences in heating rates due to variations in material properties (specific heat differences), weight differences, and differences in the area of the light-receiving surface. As a countermeasure, we need to group parts with the same material or group them based on thickness and light-receiving area, and conduct heating tests to adjust either the transport speed or heating temperature. As a result of these measures, while the workload increased, the advantages of far-infrared heating remained superior to other heating methods. *For more details, please refer to the catalog or feel free to contact us.*

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• Drying Equipment

AMK Co., Ltd. is a company that handles industrial far-infrared heaters, heating devices, and drying equipment. If products like dried shirasu or roasted nori can be processed using drying methods equivalent to industrial products, they can be evaluated through measurements of moisture, fat, protein composition, denaturation, and oxidation levels using measuring instruments. However, in general, the evaluation after heating and drying often presents extremely difficult issues that cannot be scientifically judged. Quality evaluation often relies on comprehensive judgments based on subjective factors such as the product's gloss, color, aroma, appearance, texture, taste, and mouthfeel. Moreover, it can be influenced by changes in the evaluator's physical condition and individual differences. It is almost impossible for far-infrared manufacturers or equipment manufacturers to conduct evaluations, so it may be crucial for the manufacturers planning to implement the equipment to take the lead in this process. *For more details, please refer to the catalog or feel free to contact us.*

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AMK Co., Ltd. is a company that handles industrial far-infrared heaters, heating devices, and drying equipment. When infrared radiation is emitted to the skin, the reflectivity is high for visible light (up to 0.78μ) and near-infrared (0.78 to 2.0μ), while the transmittance shows that near-infrared penetrates and is absorbed about 20% up to 1mm deep. In other words, near-infrared is characterized by high reflectivity and transmittance with respect to human skin. When the wavelength exceeds 2μ, the reflectivity decreases and the absorption rate increases. Long-wavelength infrared has a low reflectivity, so most is absorbed at a very shallow depth in the skin. Since the temperature sensing part of the skin is often located within 0.3mm, far-infrared is mostly absorbed near the skin's surface, making it feel warm. When the temperature sensing part of the skin feels warm from near-infrared, the skin may be heated to the point of stinging. *For more details, please refer to the catalog or feel free to contact us.*

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• Drying Equipment

AMK Co., Ltd. is a company that handles industrial far-infrared heaters and heating and drying equipment. Far-infrared heating is said to be the excitation of lattice vibrations and molecular vibrations of objects due to the absorption of electromagnetic waves. For drying moisture, radiation wavelengths of 3, 6, and 12 or more are necessary, where vibrations are excited, energy is absorbed, and heat is generated and transmitted. In other words, this forms the theoretical basis for the effectiveness of far-infrared heating. Water actually exists as clusters and has absorption bands when viewed as a polymer substance. Because of its good absorption properties, far-infrared heating is effective for drying moisture. *For more details, please refer to the catalog or feel free to contact us.*

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AMK Co., Ltd. is a company that handles industrial far-infrared heaters, heating devices, and drying devices. In Japan, organic materials and polymer substances have most of their infrared absorption in the long wavelength range of over 3μ, which is why heaters that emit wavelengths of 355μ or more are referred to as far-infrared heaters. The surface temperature of typical far-infrared heaters in Japan is around 600°C, and when compared to a black body, the peak wavelength is 3.3μ, with the radiation amount over 3μ accounting for more than 80% of the total. On the other hand, in Europe, when classifying existing infrared heaters, the peak wavelength of the radiation energy of a theoretical black body is referenced based on the temperature of the heating element. For a heater at 2000°C, the peak wavelength is 1.27μ, with radiation energy below 2μ being 57% and below 5.5μ being 90%. The peak wavelength of a heater at 1000°C is 2.28μ, with radiation energy between 2 and 4μ being 48%, which is why the former (below 2μ) is called a near-infrared heater and the latter (2 to 4μ) is referred to as a mid-infrared heater. *For more details, please refer to the catalog or feel free to contact us.*

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AMK Co., Ltd. is a company that handles industrial far-infrared heaters, heating devices, and drying equipment. Emissivity is expressed as the ratio of radiation to that of a black body. The radiation intensity for each wavelength is measured at the same temperature as the object being measured, and a graph is created with frequency or wavelength on the horizontal axis and a value of 1 for the black body on the vertical axis, ranging from 0 to 1. This will represent the emissivity for each wavelength. Black body radiation refers to the radiation emitted from a small hole opened in the cavity of a black body furnace equipped with a temperature control function. A black body is an object that completely absorbs all electromagnetic waves, and in an insulated sealed space, electromagnetic waves that enter through a small hole in the cavity wall cannot escape, making it a perfect absorber with an emissivity of 1. *For more details, please refer to the catalog or feel free to contact us.*

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You can download for free "Infrared Q&A Collection! - Part 2" provided by AMK Co., Ltd., a specialized manufacturer of far infrared heaters and heating devices. We have compiled representative questions from our sales activities and inquiries via email and phone that we believe would be beneficial for everyone to know. We address questions such as: "What types of far infrared heaters are there?" "What are the differences between near infrared and far infrared?" [Included Content (Questions)] ■ What types of far infrared heaters are there? ■ What are the differences between near infrared and far infrared? ■ I often come across terms in literature about far infrared that I don't understand. ■ There are various methods for drying paint; could you explain the characteristics of each? *For more details, please refer to the PDF document or feel free to contact us.

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AMK Co., Ltd. is a company that handles industrial far-infrared heaters, heating devices, and drying equipment. Plastic molded products such as toner cases, PC parts, and headlamp housings are produced by pouring heated resin into molds and removing them after cooling to a certain extent. During this process, temperature differences occur in the plastic due to the position inside the mold, leading to distortion. This causes various physical property declines, such as dimensional changes, crystallization, and deterioration of weather resistance. Reheating to eliminate distortion is referred to as annealing treatment. This process requires precise temperature distribution and accurate temperature control, making it a field where far-infrared heating excels. Traditionally, processing was done over time in fixed furnaces with hot air, but with far-infrared heating, physical property changes can be eliminated in a short time. *For more details, please refer to the PDF document or feel free to contact us.*

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AMK Co., Ltd. is a company that deals with industrial far-infrared heaters, heating devices, and drying equipment. There are three methods for heating objects: 1. Heating by direct contact with a heat source, such as ironing, teppanyaki, or using a hot pack, is called conduction heating. 2. Heating a room by sending warm air heated by a heat source, like an air conditioner, or transferring hot water heated by a water heater to a bathtub to warm the body is called convection heating. 3. Heating by receiving direct heat from a heat source without direct or indirect contact, as in the case of electric stoves or toasters, is called radiation heating. A significant feature of this method is that it can heat even in a vacuum. The microwave, which is often asked about, uses a completely different heating method. It does not have a heat source but emits electromagnetic waves of a certain wavelength to excite the motion of water molecules in the object, causing it to heat up, and is not classified as radiation heating. *For more details, please refer to the PDF document or feel free to contact us.

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AMK Co., Ltd. is a company that handles industrial far-infrared heaters and heating and drying equipment. When the voltage doubles, the wattage quadruples. Using a 1KW heater rated for 100V at 200V will result in a 4KW output, which is dangerous. Conversely, using a 1KW heater rated for 200V at 100V will only produce 0.25KW, leading to insufficient temperature. In the case of a 200V power supply, for cost reasons, we do not use single-phase but rather three-phase. In a delta connection, the heater can be used as is, but if a star connection is made, the heater is designed for 115V while keeping the wattage the same. In both cases, the operating current will be 1/√3 of that in single-phase, making it economical. *For more details, please refer to the PDF materials or feel free to contact us.*

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AMK Co., Ltd. is a company that handles industrial far-infrared heaters, heating devices, and drying equipment. Some people say that basking in the sun feels warm because of far-infrared radiation, but the surface temperature of the sun is said to be 6000K. Electromagnetic waves travel from a distance of 1.5×10^8 km from the Earth in 8 minutes and 20 seconds. Because the sun is at a high temperature, the breakdown of its radiated energy is 8% as ultraviolet light, 44-53% as visible light, and 39-49% as infrared light, with most of that being near-infrared and only a small amount being far-infrared. Of the infrared radiation, only 6% is above 2μ, and only 2% is far-infrared above 3μ. While the energy from the sun is 2 cal/cm²·min = 1.36 kW/m², the energy from far-infrared heating is around 10 kW/m², which allows for rapid drying. Moreover, since it is indoor drying, it is hygienic. Additionally, because it can be processed in a short time, nutritional components and flavors do not dissipate. *For more details, please refer to the PDF materials or feel free to contact us.*

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