What is a water quality test for well water? Items, frequency, and where to request it [Basic Knowledge]
If you use well water for drinking at your business, the regulations that apply will change the content of the inspection. This will explain the items, frequency, the requesting party, and how to interpret the results.
When using well water for drinking purposes at factories or business sites, there is not just one regulation that serves as the basis for inspection. The starting point is to confirm which category your company's well falls under. ■ Which regulation applies? 1. Dedicated water supply: If supplying water to more than 100 residents or if the maximum daily water supply exceeds 20 cubic meters, it falls under the Water Supply Act. 2. Specific buildings: Buildings subject to the Building Hygiene Act. 3. Business-use drinking wells: Wells that do not fall under the above two categories and supply drinking water to business sites such as factories and stores. If well water is used in employee dormitories or company housing, it may fall under category 1 depending on the number of residents. ■ Business-use drinking wells are governed by national guidelines Category 3 is addressed in the national guidelines for sanitation measures for drinking wells, etc. The guidelines state that if prefectures have established ordinances or regulations, those should be followed. ■ Is a full inspection required before use? The same guidelines stipulate that before starting water supply, a water quality inspection in accordance with the Water Supply Act must be conducted. The Building Hygiene Act also requires that if groundwater is used as a source, all items of the water quality standards must be inspected before starting water supply, with regular inspections continuing thereafter. Please feel free to consult us first.
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■Regular inspections at least once a year! The guidelines for sanitary measures for drinking wells stipulate that regular water quality tests must be conducted at least once a year. Some municipalities may set their own items and frequency. The items are as follows: 1. Bacteria: Total bacteria, E. coli 2. Nitrogen: Total of nitrite nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, and nitrite nitrogen 3. Pollution indicators: Chloride ions, organic matter (TOC) 4. Characteristics: Turbidity, color, odor, taste, pH value 5. Chemical substances: Organic solvents such as trichloroethylene, PFOS, and PFOA In addition, necessary items may be added based on surrounding inspection results. ■Judgment based on water quality standards Judgment is made by comparing with the water quality standards for tap water, ensuring that E. coli is not detected and that the total of nitrate nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen is below 10 mg/L. ■PFOS and PFOA are also included! The current guidelines (recently revised in June of the 7th year of Reiwa) include PFOS and PFOA in the items for regular inspections. It is also important to confirm the items for wells that have been tested previously. ■Who should you request? The guidelines specify that requests should be made to institutions of local public bodies based on the Water Supply Act or to testing institutions registered by the Minister of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism and the Minister of the Environment.
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■What should you be careful about when collecting water samples? To obtain accurate results, pay attention to the following points when collecting water samples: 1. Same-day collection: Collect on the day of testing and do not store the water. 2. Flush the water: Let the water run for about 5 minutes to discard any water that has accumulated in the pipes. 3. Bacteria sample bottles: Do not touch the inside. ■How to read the results? If E. coli is found, there may be contamination from sewage or similar sources. Nitrate nitrogen indicates potential contamination from fertilizers, sewage, or wastewater. Chloride ions may increase due to contamination from sewage or drainage. The source of suspected contamination varies depending on which items are elevated. ■What if the standards are exceeded? According to the guidelines, if you become aware that there is a risk to health, you must immediately stop the water supply and contact the health department. If water quality standards are exceeded, it is also required to notify the health department. ■Confirm the cause and consider treatment The process involves confirming the cause and considering necessary treatments. Torii handles products related to the treatment of well water, such as sodium hypochlorite for disinfection and activated carbon. Please feel free to consult with us first.
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