ストーブリ Product Lineup

Maintain liquid cooling connectors and electrical connectors to enhance data systems and IT systems. In a high-performance IT environment, especially when connecting fluids and electricity, it is essential to maximize reliability, minimize connection points, and ensure seamless integration. Stäubli's connectors can meet these needs. By implementing a liquid cooling system that suppresses temperature rise and high-energy-density electrical connectors, IT systems can operate efficiently even under load conditions.

• Pipe Fittings
• Coupling
• server

Ideal for use in assembly and inspection processes in the automotive industry. Smart Config is a modular system that allows for the quick attachment and detachment of various energy circuits. It enhances efficiency in connector assembly tasks, reduces downtime, and meets the evolving needs of manufacturing lines. It is perfect for applications considering automation, safety, high performance, and easy maintenance, enabling safe advancement of efficiency in assembly and inspection processes. Key Benefits of Smart Config: * Increased Productivity: Quickly connects to interfaces, optimizes production speed, and minimizes errors. * Enhanced Safety: Reliable and safe connectors that can be used with confidence. * Flexible Configuration: Modular specifications that can be configured freely. * Efficient Maintenance: Each component is robust and arranged at accessible intervals, making it easy to access and minimizing downtime. * Easy and Clear Quotation Calculation: Configure solutions in real-time and obtain immediate quotes—all done on the spot. * Shortened Delivery Times: Quick delivery is possible for products with standard specifications.

• Pipe Fittings

【Non-Spill】 The flat face structure prevents liquid dripping, air ingestion, and foreign matter contamination during attachment and detachment. It ensures the safety of the operator and keeps the surrounding environment clean. 【Compact Design】 With an ergonomic design for ease of use, it is compact and can be installed in various locations without restriction. 【Easy Operation】 Simple operation with just a push to connect (automatic ball lock system) and a pull to disconnect. 【Excellent Mechanical Strength】 The part of the plug that inserts into the socket (guide mechanism) is long, providing sufficient strength against vibrations and other forces. 【Secure Lock】 A large number of locking balls are arranged to create a reliable and robust locking system. 【KES Sealing】 If the connection part has a G-thread, easy sealing is achieved with KES sealing (see detailed information).

• Pipe Fittings
• Coupling

● Portable weight: Product lineup compatible with up to 2500 kg - Select the optimal product according to the type of robot and task. - A total of 10 sizes classified into three categories: light portable, medium portable, and heavy portable. ● Various modules that can accommodate a wide range of applications - Air and vacuum modules - Various fluid modules - Hydraulic modules - Shielding and grounding modules - Signal and data communication modules - Welding power supply modules - Others ● Product specifications are as follows: - MPS Completed Standard specifications with pre-assembled modules. Please refer to individual catalogs for each configuration. - MPS Modular Products can be configured with modules according to individual applications. - MPS Customized Custom products can be manufactured for special applications that cannot be accommodated by existing products.

• Transport and handling robots
• Welding robot

This catalog introduces the "robot products" handled by Stäubli Corporation. It features industrial robot solutions that cater to a variety of applications such as automotive, medical, and metal machining, as well as development, design, and programming solutions tailored to each user. Additionally, it includes information on the SP2 manual controller and mobile robots, making it a useful reference for product selection. We encourage you to take a look. [Contents (partial)] ■ Industrial robot solutions for diverse applications ■ High-performance robots that promise high productivity ■ Commitment of the Stäubli team ■ Tailored solutions for each user ■ Robot controllers *For more details, please download the PDF or feel free to contact us.

• Other industrial robots
• SCARA Robot

We would like to introduce the "Pharma Robot" that we handle. Our lineup includes the "Stericlean+" which can be installed at 360°, the "Stericlean" that uses NSF H1 oil without affecting performance, and the "Accesspharma" with a sealed 6-axis arm featuring a hollow drive shaft and internal wiring. Stäubli robots offer complete and flexible solutions tailored to the hygiene requirements of various environments. 【Stericlean+ Features】 ■ FDA-compliant coating ■ VHP decontamination compatible ■ Hygienic cover with FDA-compliant material gaskets, USP Grade VI ■ Uses NSF H1 oil ■ ISO 5 - Grade A *For more details, please download the PDF or feel free to contact us.

• SCARA Robot

Stoeber's MULTILAM is a contact element with a special shape that offers durability. The MULTILAM louver achieves continuous contact with the contact surface due to its constant contact force. This ensures consistently low contact resistance, excellent contact quality, and a long service life. MULTILAM technology guarantees maximum efficiency even under harsh conditions and is particularly recommended for applications with more stringent requirements. Some products in the connector line have achieved one million mating cycles.

• Other Connectors

The Slide in line connector, equipped with a multi-lam band that forms the core of the stove's electrical connector, can easily withstand high short-circuit currents and the associated forces, while its thoughtful design ensures the necessary flexibility for tolerance compensation. This minimizes downtime, enhances safety, and simultaneously ensures high convenience.

• Other Connectors

• With MULTILAM, a contact technology that leads the way, we achieve exceptional electrode reliability. • Sturdy, highly reliable, and user-friendly with a maximum of 1 million mating cycles. • Long product lifespan with minimal contact resistance and high current capacity. • A diverse range of combinations that work with all applications, from data transfer to high current applications. • Product lineup covering a maximum cable cross-section of 50 mm² (AWG 1/0), maximum current of 200 A, and up to 72 poles.

• Assembly Jig
• Other Connectors

"PerforMore" is a high-voltage connector specially designed to overcome challenges associated with handling, restricted installation space, and increased power capacity. Its compact size allows for more efficient use of installation space while maintaining all necessary clearances and creepage distances required for high operating voltages. Integration can be achieved quickly and easily, and disassembly is safe and user-friendly thanks to a two-stage unlocking system. 【Features】 ■ Compact size with high current capability ■ Robustness, safety, and reliability ■ HVIL with a two-stage unlocking system ■ High-quality EMC shielding ■ Mechanical coding and color coding ■ Quick, easy, and safe installation *For more details, please download the PDF or feel free to contact us.

• Other Connectors

This catalog provides a comprehensive introduction to the MULTILAM plugs that our company handles. In addition to the lineup, overview, applications, and features, it includes a wealth of information on low voltage lighting installation systems, accessories, technical documents, and more. Please make use of this for selecting products. 【Contents】 ■ Introduction ■ Stäubli MULTILAM plugs ■ Low voltage lighting installation systems ■ Accessories ■ Appendix *For more details, please download the PDF or feel free to contact us.

• Other Connectors

This catalog provides a comprehensive introduction to our round primary circuit connector, 'WeldFix.' It includes a lineup of model numbers and order numbers, product applications, benefits, descriptions of contact installation and removal tools, technical information, and much more. Additionally, there are index pages by model and order number, so please make use of this for product selection. 【Contents (partial)】 ■ List of applications ■ List of WeldFix models and plug combinations ■ 3-pole connector for WeldFix welding transformers ■ WeldFix 3-pole connector supply side ■ WeldFix 3-pole connector (receiving side) *For more details, please download the PDF or feel free to contact us.

• Other Connectors

This catalog provides a comprehensive introduction to our flat-type primary circuit connector, 'RobiFix.' It includes a wealth of information on applications, features, technical data, an overview of the product series, energy efficiency, connections for welding control devices, J1 flange and flat mounting, accessories for double cable assemblies, and more. An index by order number and model type is also included, so please make use of it for product selection. [Contents (partial)] ■ Key connectors ■ Applications and features ■ RobiFix ■ Technical data ■ Overview of the RobiFix product series *For more details, please download the PDF or feel free to contact us.

• Other Connectors

This catalog provides a comprehensive introduction to the flat-type primary circuit connector "RobiFix mini." It includes information such as an overview of our electrical connector division, applications and features, solution summaries, derating, accessories, and systems for double dress packs. Additionally, there are index pages organized by order number and type, so please make use of them for product selection. [Contents (partial)] ■ Future-oriented solutions - Experts in connectivity ■ Applications and features ■ RobiFix mini ■ RobiFix mini solution overview ■ For J1 flange *For more details, please download the PDF or feel free to contact us.

• Other Connectors

We would like to introduce our "robot products and mobile robots." Achieving an ideal combination of speed, rigidity, dimensions, and precision. A unique feature is that it adapts to all environmental conditions, including harsh environments. By incorporating our robotic automation solutions, you can achieve smart and sustainable production. Additionally, it enhances safety in production sites, reduces waste, and contributes to global environmental preservation. 【Product Lineup (Partial)】 ■ TS2 Series Scara Robots ■ TX2 Series 6-Axis Robots ■ TS2/TX2 Series Environmentally Resistant Robots ■ Mobile Robot Platforms ■ Mobile Robot Forklifts *For more details, please download the PDF or feel free to contact us.

• Other industrial robots
• Articulated Robot
• Picking robot system

As the use of EVs for long-distance and heavy-duty vehicle applications increases, charging these large-capacity batteries within a reasonable time frame is seen as a significant challenge. To overcome this obstacle, the global association Charging Interface Initiative e.V. (CharIN) is collaborating with industry leaders, including Stäubli, to develop the Megawatt Charging System (MCS) standard and promote it as a global standard to facilitate interoperability in charging all types of vehicles. Stäubli's electrical connectors are designed to meet requirements efficiently, safely, and with long service life, even under harsh environmental conditions. These connectors feature a compact design, easy maintenance, and resistance to vibration and impact, ensuring long-term electrical contact through a patented unique MULTILAM contact technology. External certification and extensive quality testing highlight our commitment to providing optimal solutions for our customers.

• Automotive Connectors
• Drive system parts
• Other Connectors

Busbars are required for connecting critical internal components, including inverters and motors, within high-voltage powertrain assemblies. Stäubli's ZeroBolt busbar connection is designed to address issues associated with traditional bolt connections, leveraging extensive experience in electrical contact technology. They incorporate Stäubli's unique MULTILAM technology, enabling high current capacity while compensating for thermal expansion and vibration resistance. The flexibility of the ZeroBolt plug-in design streamlines manufacturing and significantly reduces costs and risks compared to traditional bolt connections. It achieves connections for high currents due to very low contact resistance, automates the assembly of busbar connections through blind mating, reduces space by accommodating compact high currents and eliminating bolts, decreases the number of components, eliminates torque management for bolt tightening, and reduces the risk of bolt loosening due to vibration and thermal expansion.

• Automotive Connectors
• Other cable related products
• Other Connectors

Stäubli offers a wide range of products for compressed air couplings and their related accessories, providing solutions that optimize safety, energy efficiency, and reliability. The state-of-the-art quick-release couplings, designed based on ergonomic principles, use lightweight, high-quality materials and prioritize operability and safety. Safety is particularly emphasized as a top priority, with considerations made at all levels from connection to disconnection. Stäubli's compressed air couplings minimize operator risk through hose jump prevention technology compliant with ISO 4414, ensuring safety during coupling disconnection.

• Pipe Fittings
• Coupling

"Sterimove" is an AMR suitable for pharmaceutical requirements in clean rooms and sterile areas. It features a stainless steel, high-tech plastic, and specially coated sterile design, with characteristics such as inductive charging. Additionally, it has a modular design that accommodates various applications and is ultra-compact, allowing it to operate in tight spaces. 【Features】 ■ Mobile robot for clean rooms ■ Modular design for various applications ■ Seamless integration ■ VHP decontamination resistant ■ Easy maintenance ■ Easy access to wheels *For more details, please refer to the related links or feel free to contact us.

• Other industrial robots

● Multi-Coupling Multiple couplings are arranged on a single plate. By consolidating the connections of multiple temperature control circuits spread throughout the mold onto one plate, it allows for easy attachment and detachment without connection errors, thereby improving work efficiency. ● Easy Operation The locking of the plate is a simple operation that only requires turning a lever. ● Non-Spill Structure Using couplings with a non-spill structure prevents air from entering the circuit during connection and prevents liquid drips during disconnection. This helps maintain a clean working environment. ● Abundant Options Safety features such as key codes (to prevent incorrect connections between plates), color plates, and safety lock mechanisms can be added.

• Pipe Fittings
• Coupling

- Flash Face Technology: No foreign matter contamination within the circuit - No liquid leakage: Usable in electrical environments and high-voltage environments - Reliable locking mechanism and sturdy material - Optimized flow: Low pressure loss due to optimized internal structure - Compact and lightweight: Made of a special aluminum alloy - For equipment protection: Pressure relief valve (optional) to prevent temperature rise due to internal pressure increase

• Pipe Fittings
• Coupling

Manufactured using high-quality materials with excellent surface roughness Ergonomically designed Separation system considering work safety (during operation) Easy connection (automatic)

• Pipe Fittings
• Coupling

Robots required for semiconductor applications, which necessitate a delicate process, must not only be suitable for super cleanroom environments but also possess high reliability and precision to achieve high productivity. The TX2 SCR series has a proven track record in carrier transport and wafer and mask processes in super cleanrooms.

• Other semiconductor manufacturing equipment

The EHEDG-compliant hygienic design high humidity environment (HE) robot series transforms your production and realizes the benefits of automation in harsh environments. Food-grade NSF H1 oil enhances robot efficiency and productivity, reduces total cost of ownership, and dramatically lowers the risk of contamination. Stäubli's 4-axis and 6-axis food robots and mobile robots offer a wide range of solutions. This document provides details along with insights on automation. You can also read stories of companies that have transformed their production with Stäubli robots. [Contents] ■ Meat processing ■ Dairy products ■ Processed foods ■ Confectionery and baking ■ Others ■ After-sales service *For more details, please download the PDF or feel free to contact us.

• Other food machinery

【Branch connector MC4-Evo2】 Rated voltage: DC 1,500V Rated current (IEC): 60A Ambient temperature (IEC): -40 °C ... +85 °C IP rating: IP68 (1m, 168 hours), IP65 【Branch cable MC4-Evo2 Y-splitter】 Rated voltage: DC 1,500V Rated current (TUV): 53A Ambient temperature: -40 °C ... +85 °C IP rating: IP68 (1m, 1 hour), IP65 *With fuse, maximum 30A

• Other Connectors

Rated voltage: DC 2,000V Rated current: 42A (4㎟) Ambient temperature: -40 °C ... +85 °C IP rating: IP68 (1m, 1 hour), IP65 Contact resistance: Below 0.2mΩ Rated impulse voltage: 27.2kV

• Other Connectors

Trunk cables, battery energy storage systems (BESS), and EV charging systems Rated voltage: AC/DC 1,500V Rated current: Maximum 620A Rated impulse voltage: 16kV Ambient temperature: -30 °C...+60 °C IP rating: IP68 (1m, 1 hour), IP65 Contact resistance: Below 0.25mΩ Color coding support

• Other Connectors

Rated voltage: DC 1,500V (standard MC4 is DC 1,100V) Rated current: 70A (8 AWG) Ambient temperature: -40 °C ... +85 °C IP rating: IP68 (1m, 1 hour), IP65 Contact resistance: less than 0.25mΩ Terminal shape: closed crimp (standard MC4 is open crimp)

• Other Connectors

By using the Stobli tool changer, it becomes easy to replace various shaped tool horns used for ultrasonic transmitters. Tool horns for various ultrasonic devices, such as applications equipped with ultrasonic welding machines on 6-axis robots and multi-head type ultrasonic welding machines, can be easily removed using the tool changer, thereby improving work efficiency.

• plastic

【Modular Structure】 By selecting size, material, sealing material, presence of valves, connection type, and various options individually, we can provide solutions that accommodate various fluids, applications, and industries. 【Button Separation】 Simply push the plug into the socket to connect, and by pressing the button on the socket side, the plug can be easily separated, streamlining the coupling process. 【Misconnection Prevention】 By choosing key codes or color codes, misconnection can be prevented.

• Coupling
• Pipe Fittings

Single-sided fork plugs and double-sided fork plugs come in a variety of types and are ideal for connecting busbars of different thicknesses. They also guarantee high stress flexibility. High-power double-sided fork plugs extend the rated current range and allow for tolerance to high angles and misalignment. Single-sided fork plugs offer various types of lead connections, and additional insulated housings are also available.

• Other Connectors

Fluid connectors play an important role in handling various fluid circuits. Stäubli, as an expert in connectors related to fluids and energy, provides a wide range of solutions for connectors, from standard products to custom-made items tailored to specific requirements: "Standard Products" ● Various sizes according to flow rate ● Diverse materials to accommodate different environments and pressure levels: high corrosion-resistant stainless steel, anti-rust treatments, etc. ● Various sealing materials according to the type of fluid and operating temperature ● Safety systems: circuit color identification, mechanical misconnection prevention, locking keys, and splash prevention features during hose disconnection ● Various locking systems: ball lock, bayonet lock, claw lock, etc. ● Valve types: single valve, double valve, and full flow ● Non-spill flat face technology with no liquid dripping during connection and disconnection: prevents contamination in the circuit and work area "Customized Products" In cases where special specifications are difficult to accommodate with standard products or when comprehensive solutions are needed, Stäubli analyzes these situations and assists in exploring and implementing customized solutions that consider optimal performance and operator safety.

• Coupling
• Pipe Fittings

The insulated round connectors with a diameter of 10 to 21 mm are equipped with high safety features. These connectors have a durability of 5,000 connections and can be used for extended periods in temporary power applications and harsh industrial environmental conditions. High safety is achieved through color and mechanical coding, reducing the risk of incorrect connections. Three models are available according to the rated current: 10BV with a maximum of 250 A, 16BL with a maximum of 630 A, and 21BV with a maximum of 1,000 A.

• Circular Connectors

The CombiTac connector, equipped with a high current capacity, is a compact modular connector that allows for various connections (such as power, data, fluids, air, etc.) within a single connector through a modular and customizable approach, achieving maximum connection performance in tight spaces. CombiTac guarantees long-lasting performance even under demanding mechanical and environmental conditions due to its high connection cycles. In applications such as Automated Guided Vehicles (AGVs), Autonomous Mobile Robots (AMRs), and drones, it can be used for manual connections, automatic charging, and interchangeable battery connections. 【User Benefits】 ■ Fast Charging - Supports a maximum rating of 350A ■ Reduced Maintenance Costs - Panel mount type (automatic): up to 100,000 cycles - Housing type (manual): up to 10,000 cycles ■ Safety Design - Safety specifications with IP2X contact protection - Connection monitoring module ■ Monitoring of contact resistance, temperature, etc. - Signal module ■ Automatic Connection - Allows for a maximum misalignment of 15mm and ±3°

• Rectangular Connector

The Dura Dock image transmission module for the tool changer can transfer approximately 8 million pixel 4K image data in 0.9 seconds. It also transmits 500MHz video analog signals and camera analog signals using coaxial cables. It is capable of switching between two or more cameras, or between a camera and a tool pick hand.

• Other mounting machines

The EvoTrak-lite connector is a power connector developed for the main circuits of conventional railways, trams, and subways with the following concepts in mind: - Shock and vibration resistance - Lightweight and compact design - Easy and quick installation - Use in harsh environments - Reduced burden during maintenance

• Rectangular Connector

**Large Diameter Non-Spill Coupling** Product Names: **TCH** / **TCB** / **TTX** (3 types) <Features> ● A non-spill structure that minimizes liquid leakage, air ingestion, and contamination into the circuit during attachment and detachment, ensuring a safe working environment for operators. ● Adopts Stobri's unique locking mechanism, 'Bayonet Lock', allowing easy attachment and detachment by simply turning the handle. ● Can be connected under residual pressure up to 6 bar. ● Achieves lightweight and easy attachment/detachment despite large diameter. ● Equipped with a swivel at the hose connection to prevent hose 'twisting'. ● Product lineup up to a maximum of 100A (4 inches). **Large Diameter Ball Valve Block Coupling** Product Names: **TKU** / **TKM** / **TDU** (3 types) <Features> ● The simple internal structure allows for stable high flow rates with almost zero pressure loss. ● A ball valve that allows easy ON/OFF switching with a lever. ● Due to the structure of the main body, it is not affected by internal residual pressure, allowing for safe and easy attachment and detachment. ● Product lineup up to a maximum of 80A.

• Pipe Fittings
• Coupling

MPC (Modular Power Connectors) connectors are main circuit connectors created based on the following concepts: - Shock and vibration resistance - Compact design - Easy and speedy installation - Use in harsh environments - Reduced burden during maintenance

• Rectangular Connector

The modular rectangular connector "CombiTac Series" achieves a cost-effective, durable, and long-lasting connection solution by combining modularity. Our modular connector system "CombiTac" offers unprecedented flexibility to meet all user needs. 【Product Features】 ■ Combustion behavior EN45545-2:2015 (HL2 R22), vibration and shock IEC 61373:2010 Category 1B ■ Customizable modular structure ■ All-in-one design for space-saving and compact device design ■ Supports high currents up to 300A ■ A wide range of product lineup available, including power, signal, data communication, thermocouples, coaxial, optical fiber, non-drip water cooling, and compressed air ■ Compliant with RoHS, European Directive 2011/65/EU (RoHS 2), and European Commission Delegated Directive (EU) 2015/863 (RoHS 3)

• Rectangular Connector

Stobri's solution is designed to meet the needs of Industry 4.0. - It is compatible with any injection molding machine, regardless of mold size. - Both the fixed and movable sides display their respective clamping forces on the IMAG controller, allowing operators to effectively manage the clamping/unclamping process. - In the event of a serious anomaly, the molding machine is immediately put into emergency stop mode via the safety system connected to the molding machine. 【Clamping Force Display】 The clamping force for each mold is measured in real-time and displayed on the IMAG screen. If the value is insufficient, a warning message is immediately shown to the operator. 【Mold Misalignment Detection】 The magnetic unit consists of precision measuring coils that can detect changes in current to predict the movement of the mold. 【Temperature Display】 If the temperature of the magnet plate rises excessively, a message and alarm will warn the operator. 【Safety Standards】 The QMC123 system complies with strict safety and security standards, adhering to European standards: EN201: 2009, Directive 2014/35/EU and 2014/30/EU.

• Vice Clamps
• Other molds

Stäubli's electronic equipment water cooling automatic universal quick disconnect 'UQD' provides a reliable and efficient solution for water-cooled and liquid-cooled circuits in data centers and supercomputers, based on OCP standards. Stäubli's 'UQD' features the following: ● Excellent airtightness: Significantly exceeds OCP standard values with minimal liquid leakage ● Optimized flow efficiency and low pressure loss: Improves the efficiency of liquid cooling systems and enhances thermal management performance ● Intuitive color identification: Simplifies circuit identification with blue and red color coding ● Easy connection and disconnection: Stäubli's UQD allows for simple one-touch connection by just pushing, making it easy to connect with server blades ● Compact design: Easily connects even in tight spaces ● Global presence: Stäubli's unique global production system, including Europe, Asia, and North America, enables rapid product delivery to customers in each region Based on over 30 years of extensive experience in electronic equipment water cooling applications, Stäubli offers a high-performance and reliable universal quick disconnect UQD.

• Other server related
• Pipe Fittings
• Coupling

It can be easily connected from the power conditioner to BESS, and in addition to the solar connector MC4-Evo2 technology, it is equipped with a misconnection prevention feature to avoid incorrect connections between the panel and power conditioner, achieving efficient installation and energy storage.

• Other Connectors
• Power storage device
• Solar power generator

Stoburi introduces the MC4-Evo ready connector to the MC4 family of solar connectors!! No crimping tool is needed; just twist the conductor and insert it, then secure the cable with the latch mechanism. Once you tighten the nut, the installation is complete! There are no crimping mistakes, and the only tools you need to carry are a wire stripper and a dedicated wrench. *For more details, please watch the video.

• Other Connectors
• Solar power generator

● Lightweight Design The main body is made of high-strength aluminum, achieving weight reduction while minimizing the impact on the robot's maximum load capacity. ● High Precision Position Reproducibility The tool changer's body features wedge-shaped protrusions at each corner, enabling high precision position reproducibility. This structure also withstands the robot's agile rotational movements. ● IO-Link Compatibility with RFID Tag Module By equipping an RFID tag module, non-contact tagging can be performed, making it ideal for managing tool information in conjunction with IO-Link. ● High-Speed Data Communication Module The high-speed data communication module supports up to "10Gb/s," suitable for Ethernet IP, image processing, and more. ● Dedicated Stands for Each Model Using dedicated stands makes installation easier.

• Other industrial robots
• Other Connectors
• Other machine tools

● Module Structure By incorporating the necessary modules from a rich product lineup, the robot gains multifunctionality. ● Sturdy Base Unit, Powerful Locking Mechanism The precisely manufactured base mechanism, which has no play, ensures high positional accuracy and a long service life. ● Technical Expertise in Connectors - Fluid connector (coupling) with a non-spill structure that prevents liquid leakage during attachment and detachment. - Electrical connector equipped with multi-lam technology that ensures reliable contact and minimizes electrical resistance. ● Safety in accordance with ISO 10218-2 - Compliant with Performance Level d, Category 3 - Active docking system to prevent tool drop.

• Welding robot
• Transport and handling robots