東レリサーチセンター List of Products and Services

**Abstract** In recent years, research and development have been focused on drug delivery systems (DDS) aimed at reducing side effects of pharmaceuticals and improving their efficacy. Carriers used in DDS include biomaterials such as liposomes, polymer micelles, inorganic nanoparticles, and drug conjugates (e.g., ADCs). Among these, our company is concentrating on establishing analysis and evaluation techniques for liposomes, introducing case studies of liposome analysis primarily using high-difficulty techniques such as TEM (transmission electron microscopy) and AFM (atomic force microscopy). **Table of Contents** 1. Introduction 2. Fundamental technologies of DDS and characteristics of various carriers 3. Case studies of liposome analysis and evaluation 4. Conclusion

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**Abstract** Regarding the LIB positive electrode active material LiCoO2, gas analysis using TPD-MS and two in-situ heating methods (in-situ heating TEM) were employed to investigate the relationship between the gases emitted from LiCoO2 particles during heating and the changes in morphology, organization, and structure. The results demonstrated that gas generation is closely related to structural changes. Changes similar to charge-discharge behavior were also observed, and a series of measurements with temperature as a parameter provided important insights for analyzing actual materials. Additionally, it was shown that microscopic structural changes (such as the formation of domain structures), which cannot be detected without high resolution (approximately 40 nm field of view), can be visualized and quantitatively analyzed using ASTAR* (with *ASTAR being a registered trademark of NanoMEGAS) at a field of view of over 1 μm. **Table of Contents** 1. Introduction 2. Experimental Methods 3. Observation of Gas Generation Behavior Using TPD-MS 4. Observation of Structural Changes by in-situ Heating TEM 4-1. Observation of Morphological and Organizational Changes in STEM Images 4-2. Observation of Crystal Structure Changes in HRSTEM Images 4-3. Observation of Morphological, Organizational, and Structural Changes Above 650°C 5. Conclusion

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**Abstract** In the field of regenerative medicine, biomaterials require material design aimed at enhancing cell function. The details of which properties contribute to cell function remain an unresolved issue, but mechanical and morphological characteristics are gaining attention. This paper introduces examples of property evaluations focusing on alginate gels. Furthermore, elucidating the gelation mechanism is crucial for property control, and a proposal for the gelation mechanism was made through the analysis of the gelation process from an aqueous solution of alginate. **Table of Contents** 1. Introduction 2. Property Evaluation of Alginate Gels 3. Gelation Mechanism of Alginate 4. Conclusion

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**Abstract** At the Toray Research Center, we have developed imaging techniques for industrial material analysis using spectroscopic analysis, morphological observation, and mass spectrometry. In response to the increasing demand for imaging techniques in the life sciences sector in recent years, we are working to expand our applications to the analysis of biological samples. This time, we will introduce examples of analysis focusing on mass spectrometry (MS) imaging. Our company has various devices capable of MS imaging analysis, such as LDI-MS, SIMS, and LA-ICP-MS, each allowing for analyses that leverage their unique features. **Table of Contents** 1. Introduction 2. LDI-MS 3. TOF-SIMS 4. LA-ICP-MS 5. NanoSIMS 6. Conclusion

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**Abstract** In recent years, as pharmaceutical modalities such as cell therapies and nucleic acid medicines have rapidly advanced, new methods for quality evaluation that are not present in traditional pharmaceutical quality control are required. Our CMC Analysis Research Department, building on 20 years of experience in the standard testing of small molecules and antibody drugs, has quickly introduced analytical functions required for new pharmaceutical modalities and operates under a GMP framework. This paper presents examples of analytical functions applicable to ADCs, cell therapies, and nucleic acid medicines. **Table of Contents** 1. Introduction 2. Analysis of Aggregates in Human IgG Antibodies by SEC-MALS 3. Analysis of Residual Solvents in Nucleic Acids by GC-MS 4. Cell Analysis by Flow Cytometry 5. DNA Quantification by Quantitative PCR 6. Conclusion

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**Abstract** In recent years, there has been a growing demand for high-sensitivity and low-power consumption devices, leading to increased attention on magnetic memory and magnetic sensors in the field of spintronics. These devices widely utilize the MTJ (magnetic tunnel junction) structure due to its ability to achieve high magnetoresistance effects. The MTJ structure consists of thin layered films on the order of a few nanometers, where the film thickness, roughness, and crystallinity at the atomic level significantly influence the properties. Additionally, since the magnetic characteristics change with annealing temperature, this paper presents a case study using in-situ TEM to analyze the changes in crystallinity and elemental distribution during heating at the nanometer level. **Table of Contents** 1. Introduction 2. Samples and Evaluation Methods 3-1. Changes in Crystallinity 3-2. Analysis of Crystal Orientation 3-3. Analysis of In-Plane Crystal Orientation 4. Conclusion 5. Acknowledgments 6. Closing Remarks

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**Abstract** Gallium oxide (Ga2O3) is attracting attention as a next-generation power semiconductor material, and research has been actively conducted in recent years. Optimizing process technology is essential for improving the reliability and characteristics of semiconductor devices, making the evaluation methods crucial. This paper presents examples of crystal structure analysis necessary for assessing the quality of epitaxial films, as well as the analysis of impurities, defects, and carrier concentration in the ion implantation process, which significantly impacts device characteristics. **Table of Contents** 1. Introduction 2. Crystal structure analysis using cross-sectional TEM and planar STEM 3. Evaluation of the ion implantation process 4. Conclusion

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**Abstract** In situ analysis techniques are essential for directly observing structural changes in electrode active materials during charge and discharge, as well as the distribution of reactions within batteries. By utilizing this technology, important insights can be gained that advance material development and cell design. Additionally, understanding the thermal stability and temperature dependence of the chemical structure of battery materials, not limited to when the battery is in operation, is effective for improving product performance. This paper introduces various in situ analyses we are conducting, including charge and discharge and temperature changes. **Table of Contents** 1. Introduction 2. In situ analysis using laboratory equipment 3. In situ Raman analysis of lithium-ion batteries 4. In situ XRD analysis of lithium-ion batteries 5. Examples of temperature-dependent physical property evaluations 6. Conclusion

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**Abstract** From non-destructive electrochemical characterization using full cells of lithium-ion batteries (LIB), we inferred degradation factors. Furthermore, we dismantled the batteries to conduct chemical analysis, undertaking qualitative and quantitative analysis of the electrode degradation state. We proposed a degradation analysis method for graphite/SiO composite anodes at our hosted "5th Battery Users Meeting" (June 2019). This paper introduces a case study evaluating the changes in battery characteristics observed after cycle degradation tests using prototype cells with graphite/SiO composite anodes, which are expected to be high-capacity next-generation materials. **Table of Contents** 1. Introduction 2. Electrochemical characterization of prototype cells 3. Analysis of factors causing capacity imbalance between positive and negative electrodes 4. Degradation analysis of negative electrode active material (Region 2) 5. Conclusion

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**Abstract** At the Toray Research Center, we are focusing on the development of high-speed calorimetry technology that enables rapid heating and cooling. In collaboration with the developers of this method, we have continued to submit numerous papers and present at conferences, primarily focusing on polymer materials. This paper introduces a technique for real-time observation of the increase in glass transition temperature during the curing process of thermosetting resins. **Table of Contents** 1. Introduction 2. Application to Thermosetting Resins 3. Conclusion

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**Abstract** The development of materials with innovative barrier and separation properties, such as gas transport characteristics (permeability, diffusivity, and adsorption of gases and vapors), requires the evaluation of sub-nanometer void structures (voids less than 1 nm). Therefore, techniques for assessing molecular-level voids are needed, and positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy becomes a powerful tool. This paper presents examples of approaching the relationship between sub-nanometer void structures and gas transport properties by synergistically utilizing positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy and other methods on polyethylene terephthalate and silica thin films. **Table of Contents** 1. Introduction 2. Principles of Positron Annihilation Lifetime Measurement 3. Application Examples for PET with Different Crystallinities 4. Application Examples for Silica Thin Films with Different Densities 5. Conclusion

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**Abstract** A new fluorescence spectrometer has been introduced, enabling not only measurements in the ultraviolet-visible region but also emission measurements in the near-infrared region, as well as fluorescence lifetime measurements on the order of nanoseconds. This paper presents the features of the new fluorescence spectrometer and examples of its measurements. **Table of Contents** 1. Introduction 2. Features of the New Fluorescence Spectrometer 3. Examples of Near-Infrared Emission Spectrum Measurements 4. Conclusion

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**Abstract** In micro-area infrared spectroscopic analysis, the development of high spatial resolution devices is progressing. This paper introduces applications of micro-area infrared spectroscopic imaging technology using conventional micro-ATR imaging, which is an extension of existing technology, and photothermal conversion infrared spectroscopy (O-PT-IR method), which has spatial resolution beyond the diffraction limit of infrared light. **Table of Contents** 1. Introduction 2. High Spatial Resolution in Infrared Analysis 3. Micro-Area Composition of the O-PTIR Method 4. Higher-Order Structural Analysis of Micro-ATR Imaging 5. Conclusion

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**Abstract** The addition of dopants to semiconductors is a very important technology for controlling electrical properties, and the mechanism of carrier generation due to doping is understood based on the theories of solid-state physics. However, there are few examples of direct evaluations of the chemical states and coordination environments of dopant elements. State evaluations for each element are possible through XAFS, and recent improvements in detector sensitivity have made it possible to sensitively observe the chemical states and coordination environments of trace amounts of dopant elements. This paper presents examples of state evaluations of arsenic and phosphorus in silicon semiconductors using XAFS. **Table of Contents** 1. Introduction 2. Analytical Samples and Experimental Methods 3. XAFS Evaluation of Arsenic in Silicon 4. XAFS Evaluation of Phosphorus in Silicon 5. Conclusion

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**Abstract** In recent years, with the high integration of various devices, evaluation in localized areas has become extremely important for product development and functional enhancement. The newly introduced RBS device at the Toray Research Center is equipped with a microbeam line capable of converging high-speed ion beams to a minimum of 1 μm in diameter, enabling precise composition and density analysis in small areas. Additionally, the increase in incident ion species and the acceleration of incident ions have significantly improved the sensitivity for light elements and the mass resolution for heavy elements compared to conventional methods. This paper introduces these new functions along with case studies. **Table of Contents** 1. Introduction 2. Composition Analysis of Small Areas Using μRBS 3. High-Sensitivity Measurement of Light Elements Using NRA 4. Improvement of Mass Resolution for Heavy Elements 5. Conclusion

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The technical information magazine The TRC News provides the latest information on analytical techniques that are useful for research and development, solving production troubles, and quality control. **Abstract** X-ray microscopy is a device that allows for non-destructive observation of the internal structure of samples with high spatial resolution on the order of micrometers. By performing CT (computed tomography) measurements, it is also possible to observe three-dimensional morphology. The application of X-ray CT measurements, which can perform transmission imaging, is particularly effective in evaluating conditions such as the contact state between liquids and materials, and the presence of liquids within materials that have voids, which is difficult with electron microscopy. This paper introduces a new approach to applying liquids to material surfaces and interiors, as well as methods for performing X-ray CT measurements without drying, and presents several case studies of three-dimensional observations and contact angle measurements at liquid/solid interfaces. **Table of Contents** 1. Introduction 2. Observing Microscopic Droplets: Features of X-ray CT Equipment 3. Applying Microscopic Droplets 4. Measuring Microscopic Droplets 5. Conclusion

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The technical information magazine The TRC News provides the latest information on analytical techniques that are useful for research and development, solving production troubles, and quality control. [Abstract] fsLA-ICP-MS (femtosecond laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry) is a method capable of rapidly and sensitively analyzing inorganic elements in solid samples at a local level, and it has garnered attention as a useful technique for two-dimensional distribution analysis of elements present in trace amounts within biological tissues. This paper introduces the characteristics of fsLA-ICP-MS, examples of drug distribution evaluation in tissues, and quantitative imaging examples using custom-prepared standards. [Table of Contents] 1. Introduction 2. Overview and Characteristics of fsLA-ICP-MS 3. Evaluation of Boron Drug Distribution for BNCT 4. Quantitative Imaging of Iron and Zinc in Mouse Spinal Cord 5. Conclusion

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The technical information magazine The TRC News provides the latest information on analytical techniques that are useful for research and development, solving production troubles, and quality control. [Abstract] The absorption spectra obtained by terahertz spectroscopy reflect vibrations across the entire molecule, including intermolecular vibrations related to hydrogen bonding and molecular interactions, often making peak attribution complex and difficult. This paper presents a case study where first-principles calculations were used to analyze the vibrational modes in the terahertz spectroscopic spectra of pharmaceuticals composed of molecular crystals in detail. [Table of Contents] 1. Introduction 2. Calculation Methods 3. Vibrational Mode Analysis of Barbital 4. Vibrational Mode Analysis of Famotidine 5. Conclusion

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The technical information magazine The TRC News provides the latest information on analytical techniques that are useful for research and development, solving production troubles, and quality control. [Abstract] In recent years, with the spread of high-resolution mass spectrometers, the amount of information obtained from mass spectrometry has significantly increased, while the time required for analysis has also risen. In response, efforts are being made to efficiently analyze by grasping the overall picture of mass spectra using new analytical methods. This article presents examples of chemical structure analysis of surfactants combining precise mass measurements using high-resolution MALDI-MS and new analytical methods, as well as a case study on tracking the reactions of epoxy resins. [Table of Contents] 1. Introduction 2. Kendrick Mass Defect (KMD) Analysis 3. Chemical Structure Analysis of Surfactants 4. Tracking the Curing Reactions of Epoxy Resins 5. Conclusion

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This course is designed for those who want to learn about the physical properties of materials from the basics. During the course period, we accept questions related to this course. The following topics are explained in an easy and compact manner: - Evaluation of material properties: main property values and measurement methods - Basics of mechanical property evaluation - Material testing (tensile testing): equipment, what can be understood, measurement methods, measurement examples - What thermal analysis is - Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC): principles, what can be understood - Thermogravimetric analysis (TG): principles, application examples - The challenges of property measurement As a course benefit, we offer a "question and answer service regarding the course content." If you want to deepen your understanding of the principles of analytical methods or have unclear points about measurement examples that are difficult to convey in video lectures, an analysis expert will provide answers.

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This is a course for those who want to learn structural analysis from the basics. During the course period, we accept questions related to this course. The following topics are explained in an easy and compact manner: - Structural analysis methods - Principles and comparison of infrared and Raman spectroscopy - Infrared spectroscopy: equipment, measurement flow, result analysis, measurement examples - Infrared spectroscopy: equipment, measurement flow, result analysis, measurement examples - Summary of structural analysis As a course benefit, we offer a "question and answer service regarding the course content." If you want to deepen your understanding of the principles of analytical methods or if you have unclear points about measurement examples that are difficult to convey in video lectures, our analysis experts will provide answers.

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This is a course designed for those who want to learn morphological observation from the basics. During the course period, we accept questions related to this course. The following topics are explained in an easy and compact manner: - Morphological observation techniques: - Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM): principles, sample preparation methods, analysis examples - Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM): principles, sample preparation methods, analysis examples - Spherical Aberration-Corrected Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy: principles, analysis examples - Three-Dimensional TEM: principles, analysis examples As a course benefit, we offer a "question and answer service regarding course content." If you want to deepen your understanding of the principles of analytical methods or have specific questions about measurement cases that are difficult to convey in video lectures, experts in analysis will provide answers.

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**Abstract** Capillary electrophoresis is a separation and analytical method that can achieve high separation capability and is useful for the analysis of many ionic components; however, separating ions with similar chemical properties requires ingenuity. By optimizing the composition and pH of the electrophoresis solution in which the separation of ions occurs, it becomes possible to simultaneously separate inorganic anions and organic acids that have similar properties, as well as to conduct comprehensive analysis of ionic components including amino acids and buffering agents. **Table of Contents** 1. Introduction 2. Improvement of CE separation through optimization of the electrophoresis solution 3. Analysis of ionic components in culture media 4. Conclusion

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This is a course for those who want to learn about surface analysis from the basics. During the course period, we accept questions related to this course. The following topics are explained in an easy and compact manner: - Surface analysis - TOF-SIMS: Time-of-Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (principle, spectrum examples) - RBS: Rutherford Backscattering Spectrometry (principle, spectrum examples) - XPS: X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (principle, spectrum examples) - Measurement examples: Organic EL devices As a benefit of enrollment, we offer a "Question and Answer Service regarding course content," where an analysis expert will respond to inquiries such as "I want to deepen my understanding of the principles of analytical methods" or "I have questions about measurement examples that I would like explained in detail," which may be difficult to convey in video lectures. ◎ For details on how to apply, please visit here: https://www.toray-research.co.jp/service/seminar/online/

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This course is designed for those who want to learn inorganic analysis from the basics. During the course period, we accept questions related to this course. The following topics are explained in an easy and compact manner: - What is inorganic analysis? - Comparison of major analytical methods (features, advantages, disadvantages) - X-ray fluorescence analysis (XRF), ICP optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES)/ICP mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), Ion chromatography (IC): principles and equipment, samples, measurement flow, spectra - Measurement examples: comparison of elements detected in new coins versus circulated coins, evaluation of metal impurities in CCM for fuel cells before and after power generation, analysis of gases generated by heating, etc. As a course benefit, we offer a "question and answer service regarding course content." If you want to deepen your understanding of the principles of analytical methods or have specific questions about measurement examples that are difficult to convey in video lectures, an analysis expert will provide answers. ◎ For details on how to apply, please visit here: https://www.toray-research.co.jp/service/seminar/online/

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This is a course designed for those who want to learn organic composition analysis from the basics. During the course period, we accept questions related to this course. The following topics are explained in an easy and compact manner: - What is organic analysis? - Method selection in organic composition analysis - Comparison of major analytical methods (characteristics, advantages, disadvantages) - Infrared spectroscopy (IR), mass spectrometry (MS), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR): equipment, samples, measurement flow, spectra, results obtained and analysis - Measurement case study: analysis of conductive adhesives (epoxy resin and uncured material) As a course benefit, we offer a "question and answer service regarding course content." If you want to deepen your understanding of the principles of analytical methods or have unclear points about measurement case studies that are difficult to convey in video lectures, an analysis expert will provide answers. ◎ For details on how to apply, please visit here: https://www.toray-research.co.jp/service/seminar/online/

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• Other polymer materials
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