Firing evaluation in a humid atmosphere | Corresponding to the confirmation of steam reaction and thermal decomposition behavior.

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last updated：Jun 10, 2026

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Wetter: Organizing humidification and firing conditions using a vaporizer.

Are you considering evaluating firing in a humid atmosphere as well as a dry atmosphere? Typically, firing is conducted in a dry atmosphere, but depending on the materials, water vapor can influence reaction behavior, thermal decomposition, redox reactions, gas generation, and surface conditions. Therefore, it is important to compare dry and humid conditions to confirm the effects of water vapor. This document organizes the evaluation items to be checked in a humid atmosphere, the distinction between the Wetter/bubbler and vaporizer, and the points to be confirmed in equipment specifications. - For comparing reaction behavior under dry and humid conditions - To confirm the effects of water vapor on decomposition, oxidation, and reduction reactions - For evaluating gas generation, hydrolysis, color, weight, and compositional changes - For comparing the Wetter/bubbler method and vaporizer method - For discussing specifications of humidification units, heating pipes, and exhaust/drain treatment

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basic information

Publication Content: Items to Check in Humid Atmosphere Sintering ■Does the reaction behavior change under dry and humid conditions? ■The impact of water vapor on decomposition, oxidation, and reduction reactions. ■Changes in the composition of generated gases and the presence of hydrolysis reactions. ■Changes in color, weight, and composition of powders, films, and substrate surfaces. ■Effects on condensed water, corrosion, and exhaust piping. Differentiation of Humidification Methods ■Wetter/Bubbler The configuration is relatively simple. It is an easy method to adjust the amount of water vapor based on water temperature and carrier gas flow rate. However, it relies on the saturation vapor pressure of the water temperature, so caution is needed for high-concentration humidification or sudden changes in conditions. ■Vaporizer It supplies water in a controlled manner for vaporization, making it easy to set the amount of water vapor, suitable for high concentration and reproducibility evaluations. However, it requires a vaporizer, heated piping, and condensation countermeasures, making the equipment configuration complex. ■Common It can be evaluated in combination with base gases such as N₂, Ar, Air, and O₂. Dew point, piping temperature, and condensation/corrosion countermeasures on the exhaust side are important.

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Estimates will be provided each time based on the test content, humidification method, temperature range, atmosphere, and safety measures.

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※It varies depending on the humidification method, target moisture content, furnace temperature, gas flow rate, pipe insulation, and the necessity of exhaust and drain treatment.

Applications/Examples of results

This is recommended for such considerations. ■ Firing, heat treatment, and reaction evaluation in a humid atmosphere ■ Comparative evaluation of dry and humid conditions ■ Confirmation of thermal decomposition, oxidation, and reduction behavior in an atmosphere containing water vapor ■ Verification of gas composition, hydrolysis reactions, weight changes, color changes, and compositional changes ■ Evaluation of humid atmosphere for powders, films, substrates, molded bodies, jigs, and components ■ Simple humidification evaluation using Wetter/bubbler ■ Humidification evaluation focusing on high concentration and reproducibility using a vaporizer ■ Organization of conditions for dew point, vol% H₂O, and supply amount [g/h] ■ Consideration of insulation for piping from the humidification section to the furnace entrance, condensation measures, and exhaust/drain treatment Consultations at the initial stage of consideration, such as "I want to confirm if water vapor affects the reaction" or "I don't know which is more suitable, Wetter or vaporizer," are also possible.