Starting from April 2026, standards for PFOS and PFOA in tap water will be applied. This explains the scope of the regulations, removal methods, and handling after removal.
PFAS is an abbreviation for Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in English, referring to a group of organic fluorine compounds. Depending on how they are counted, their number exceeds 10,000. ■ Why are they difficult to decompose? PFAS have strong and stable carbon-fluorine bonds. As a result, they possess properties that allow them to withstand hydrolysis, photolysis, and degradation by microorganisms. ■ Uses in surfactants and more Leveraging these properties, they have been used in surfactants, surface treatment agents, foam extinguishing agents, and chemicals for semiconductor manufacturing. ■ Which substances are at the center of regulation? Among PFAS, PFOS and PFOA are designated as Type 1 Specified Chemical Substances under the Chemical Substances Control Law, and their manufacture and import are generally prohibited. PFOS was designated in 2010, and PFOA in 2021. Substances previously used may be detected in public water bodies and groundwater. The issue lies in the fact that they remain in water even after use has ceased. PFHxS was also added to the POPs treaty in 2022, and regulations are expanding. Please feel free to consult with us first.
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■ Water supply standards upgraded! Amendments to the ministerial ordinance regarding water quality standards were promulgated on June 30, 2025, and will be enforced from April 1, 2026. The combined limit for PFOS and PFOA is set at 0.00005 mg/L (50 ng/L) or lower. ■ Installers of dedicated water supplies are also subject In addition to water supply operators, installers of dedicated water supplies are required to comply with the standards and conduct regular inspections. The frequency of inspections is generally at least once every three months. ■ What about rivers and groundwater? For public water bodies and groundwater, a guideline value of 50 ng/L for the combined total of PFOS and PFOA has been indicated as a monitoring item. In June 2025, the previous "provisional" guideline values were reviewed. Additionally, drinking wells for business use are included in the regular inspection items for PFOS and PFOA according to national guidelines. ■ What about facilities handling wastewater? PFOS and PFOA are designated substances under the Water Pollution Prevention Act. In the event of a spill due to an accident, emergency measures must be taken, and notification to the prefectural governor and others is required. It is advisable to be aware of any equipment that may have previously used substances containing PFOS or PFOA as a precaution.
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■How are removal methods categorized? In the Ministry of the Environment's technical guide, countermeasures for PFOS and similar substances are classified into four categories: adsorption, separation/concentration, decomposition, and prevention of contamination spread. Among these, the technologies for removing them from water are as follows: 1. Adsorption: activated carbon, ion exchange resin 2. Separation/concentration: membrane treatment, foam separation, coagulation and sedimentation, etc. 3. Decomposition: incineration/thermal treatment, electrolysis, photodecomposition, etc. ■Caution even after removal! Adsorption and membrane treatment are methods that transfer PFAS from water to another location. If used activated carbon is stored outdoors, there is a risk that the adsorbed PFOS and similar substances may leach out. It should be stored indoors or in a place protected from rain, and inform the disposal or regeneration contractor that it contains PFOS and similar substances. Membrane treatment will also require the treatment of concentrated wastewater. ■Will the same results be obtained with any method? The results of demonstration tests for each technology are just one of the outcomes obtained under specific conditions. Different conditions may yield different results. ■Verify the source water and proceed It is important to proceed while checking the water quality and treatment volume of the source water. Torii handles activated carbon and RO membranes, among other products. Please feel free to consult with us first.
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