What is the Water Quality Pollution Prevention Act? Obligations for Specific Facilities and Reporting/Measurement [Basic Knowledge]
The foundation of factory wastewater regulations, the Water Pollution Control Act. This explains specific facilities, the notification process, measurement and recording, and orders in case of violations.
The Water Quality Pollution Prevention Act is a law that regulates water discharged from factories and business establishments into public water bodies, as well as water that seeps into the ground. The key to determining the scope of regulation is "specified facilities." ■ What are specified facilities? Specified facilities are those that discharge wastewater or waste liquids containing harmful substances, or wastewater or waste liquids that may cause damage to the living environment in terms of items such as COD, as enumerated in the government ordinance (Table 1 of the Enforcement Ordinance). Examples of such facilities include: 1. Surface treatment facilities using acids or alkalis 2. Electroplating facilities 3. Sewage treatment tanks exceeding a certain scale Additionally, car wash facilities and communal kitchens are also listed under certain conditions related to scale. ■ Facilities mean specified business establishments Factories or business establishments that install specified facilities are considered specified business establishments. ■ Not by factory unit, but by facility unit? Even within the same industry, whether a facility is subject to regulation depends on which facilities are present. When increasing equipment, it is important to check whether the facility falls under the specified list. When discharging into public water bodies, the obligation to report arises regardless of the volume of wastewater if specified facilities are installed. A list of wastewater standards is explained on the page "What are wastewater standards?" Please feel free to consult us first.
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■How many days from notification to installation? When a person discharges water into a public water area and installs a specified facility, they must notify the governor of the prefecture about the structure of the facility, the method of use, the method of wastewater treatment, the pollution status and quantity of the discharged water, etc. Installation cannot occur until 60 days have passed since the notification was accepted (if the content is deemed appropriate, the governor may shorten the period). During this time, if it is determined that the discharge does not comply with the discharge standards, changes to the plan may be ordered. ■What other notifications are there? 1. Changes to structure or treatment methods: Notification in advance (changes cannot be made within 60 days of acceptance) 2. When an existing facility newly qualifies as a specified facility: Notification within 30 days 3. Changes of name or cessation of use: Notification within 30 days 4. Succession of status due to transfer of the facility: Notification within 30 days Even if discharging only into the sewer system, notifications may be required for specified facilities using hazardous substances. ■Penalties for failing to notify There are penalties for not notifying or for installing without waiting for the period. Check the notification forms and attached documents at the relevant prefectural office or other contact points.
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■What are the obligations for measurement and recording? Those who discharge wastewater must measure, record, and preserve the pollution status. The enforcement regulations stipulate that the reported items must be measured at least once a year (more frequent measurements may be specified by local ordinances), and samples should be taken at times when the pollution status is presumed to be the worst. The results must be recorded in a water quality measurement record sheet and preserved for three years. A certificate from a measurement certification business can also be used to substitute part of the records. Facilities that use hazardous substances are also required to conduct regular inspections of their structure and preserve records. ■What happens if there is a violation? Discharging wastewater that does not meet the discharge standards can result in penalties without prior orders. Additionally, if there is a risk of discharging non-compliant wastewater, the governor can order improvements to the treatment methods or a temporary suspension of discharge. There are also penalties for failing to keep records. ■Reporting and inspections The governor can request reports or conduct inspections. ■How to reduce the burden of measurement? We at Torii offer consultations on renting measurement devices for COD, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus, as well as inspections of wastewater treatment facilities. Please feel free to consult with us.
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