What is the principle of LED light emission? An explanation of color representation! / Leave electrical and electronic circuit and control board development to Nippo! /
An LED is a semiconductor device that emits light when an electric current passes through it. Due to reasons such as low power consumption, long lifespan, and the absence of ultraviolet and infrared rays, lighting fixtures using LEDs have become widespread.
An LED is formed by joining two types of semiconductors: "p-type semiconductor" and "n-type semiconductor." The p-type semiconductor has a high concentration of holes (positive charge carriers), while the n-type semiconductor has a high concentration of electrons (negative charge carriers).
■ Flow of the LED Light Emission Principle
1. Apply a forward voltage to the LED.
2. When voltage is applied, the "holes" in the LED move towards the "n-type semiconductor" side, and the "electrons" move towards the "p-type semiconductor" side.
3. At the junction of the p-type and n-type semiconductors, holes and electrons combine, generating light energy and causing the LED to emit light.
Thus, the light emission of an LED is a mechanism where electrical energy is directly converted into light within the semiconductor.
The color of the light emitted by an LED varies depending on the semiconductor materials that make up the LED. The wavelength of the light produced differs based on the compounds used in each semiconductor, allowing for the combination of compounds to express different colors.
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