☆★☆【nanoETCH】Soft Etching Device☆★☆

<30W Low power - Etching control precision 10mW Achieving damage-free and delicate etching processing.

【nanoETCH】Model. ETCH5A Achieves fine and damage-free etching processing with low output RF etching at <30W (control accuracy 10mA). A jointly developed product with the graphene research group at the University of Manchester, led by Nobel Prize winners who discovered graphene in 2010.

• Etching Equipment

High-performance, cost-effective RF/DC magnetron sputtering system for research and development.

High-Performance RF/DC Magnetron Sputtering Equipment ● Achievable pressure: 5 x 10^-5 Pa (*1 x 10^-4 Pa in the fastest 30 minutes!) ● Sputter cathodes x 3: Automatic continuous multilayer film, simultaneous deposition from 2 sources ● Film uniformity ±3% ● Various options: Substrate rotation and elevation, substrate heating (Max 500℃), cathodes for magnetic materials, and more ◉ nanoPVD can be used for various purposes, including up to 3 sputter sources + 3 systems (MFC control), expansion of RF/DC PSU (up to 2 power supplies), continuous multilayer film, and simultaneous deposition from 2 sources (RF/DC or DC/DC only). - Insulating films - Conductive films - Compounds, etc. 【Main Features】 ◉ Compatible substrates: Up to Φ4 inch ◉ 2" cathodes x up to 3 sources ◉ 7" touch panel for easy operation with PLC automatic process control ◉ APC automatic pressure control ◉ High-precision process control with MFC ◉ 1 Ar gas system (standard) + N2, O2 expandable up to 3 systems ◉ USB port for connection to Windows PC, allowing the creation and storage of recipes for up to 1000 layers and 50 films. Data logging on PC ◉ Other various options available

• Sputtering Equipment
• Evaporation Equipment
• Other semiconductor manufacturing equipment

We have incorporated all the latest vacuum deposition technology into a compact benchtop-sized device that can effectively utilize limited lab space.

High-performance organic source LTE (up to 4 sources) with excellent temperature responsiveness/stability for organic materials such as OLED, OPV, and OTFT, and a metal deposition source TE (up to 2 sources) that allows for easy exchange and maintenance. It can operate in manual mode, as well as in automatic mode for continuous multilayer film deposition and simultaneous film formation. Despite its compact size, it achieves performance comparable to that of large standalone machines without sacrificing basic performance, film quality, uniformity, or operability. Additionally, it features fully automatic control via a simple touch panel with PLC. The user-friendly HMI allows anyone to operate it intuitively without requiring complicated operating procedures. It comes with remote software "IntelliLink," which connects to a Windows PC via USB cable, enabling monitoring of the device's operating status, log saving, online/offline recipe creation and storage, and fault analysis. This compact vacuum deposition system is designed to maximize the effective use of limited development and lab space while also excelling in maintenance.

• Evaporation Equipment

Sputter Cathode and Co-evaporation Source Mixed Thin Film Experimental Device: Metal deposition, organic deposition, and sputter cathode installed in a compact frame.

Three types of film formation components are installed in the chamber: resistance heating evaporation source (metal evaporation), organic evaporation source (organic materials), and magnetron sputtering (metal and insulating materials), allowing for various thin film experimental setups to be accommodated within a single chamber. ◉ Three combinations are available: 1. Sputter cathode + resistance heating evaporation source x2 2. Sputter cathode + organic evaporation source x2 3. Sputter cathode + resistance heating source x1 + organic evaporation source x1 (*DC sputtering only) - Evaporation range: Φ4 inch / Φ100 mm - Vacuum exhaust system: Turbo molecular pump + auxiliary pump (rotary or dry scroll pump) - Substrate rotation and vertical lifting stage - Max 500℃ substrate heating heater - Quartz oscillator film thickness sensor - 7” touch panel HMI operation (includes 'IntelliLink' Windows PC remote monitoring software)

• Sputtering Equipment
• Annealing furnace
• Evaporation Equipment

◉ Short time: Easily conduct graphene synthesis experiments in just 30 minutes per batch. ◉ High-precision temperature and pressure control. ◉ Sophisticated software.

◉ High efficiency and high precision process control using cold wall method ◉ Rapid heating: 1100℃ in approximately 3 minutes ◉ High precision temperature control: ±1℃ ◉ High precision APC automatic pressure control system: 3 gas lines (Ar, H2, CH4) ◉ Standard recipe included for graphene production ◉ Compact size: 405(W) x 415(D) x 280(H)mm

• CVD Equipment

Due to its modular embedded design, it is possible to flexibly assemble dedicated equipment according to the required film deposition method. A compact thin-film experimental device that can accommodate various research applications.

**Flexible System** The MiniLab thin film experimental device series allows for easy construction of a compact system without waste, even as a customized product, by incorporating suitable components (such as deposition sources and stages) and control modules according to the required deposition methods and materials from a wide range of options. By configuring the device with a modular control unit in a Plug&Play manner, the application range expands, enabling various thin film process experiments. The MiniLab series is a high-cost performance system that caters to a wide range of applications from research and development to small-scale production. **Small Footprint & Space-Saving** - Single Rack Type (MiniLab-026): 590(W) x 590(D)mm - Dual Rack Type (MiniLab-060): 1200(W) x 590(D)mm - Triple Rack Type (MiniLab-125): 1770(W) x 755(D)mm **Excellent Operability & Intuitive Operation Screen** Windows PC or 7” touch panel. Easy operation that does not require advanced skills, while ensuring maximum safety.

• Sputtering Equipment
• Etching Equipment
• Evaporation Equipment

Hot Wall Type Thermal CVD Equipment: A compact, high-performance CVD device ideal for fundamental research.

◉ Graphene, carbon nanotubes ◉ ZnO nanowires ◉ Insulating films such as SiO2 Others, compatible with a wide range of applications as a hot-wall thermal CVD system.

• CVD Equipment
• Annealing furnace
• Heating device

Due to its modular embedded design, it is possible to flexibly assemble dedicated equipment according to the required film formation method. A compact thin-film experimental device that can accommodate various research applications.

**Flexible System** The MiniLab thin film experimental device series allows for easy construction of a compact device configuration without waste, even as a customized product, by incorporating suitable components (such as deposition sources and stages) and control modules according to the required deposition methods and materials from a wide range of options. By configuring the device with a modular control unit in a Plug&Play manner, the application range expands, enabling various thin film process experiments. The MiniLab series is a high cost-performance system that caters to a wide range of applications from research and development to small-scale production. **Small Footprint & Space Saving** - Single Rack Type (MiniLab-026): 590(W) x 590(D)mm - Dual Rack Type (MiniLab-060): 1200(W) x 590(D)mm - Triple Rack Type (MiniLab-125): 1770(W) x 755(D)mm **Excellent Operability & Intuitive Operation Screen** Windows PC or 7” touch panel. Easy operation that does not require advanced skills, while ensuring maximum safety.

• Sputtering Equipment

Compact and space-saving! Ideal for research and development. Flexible configuration for purposes such as deposition, sputtering, and annealing.

This is a flexible R&D thin film experimental device that achieves minimal waste, compact size, simple operation, and high cost performance by integrating the necessary minimum modules and controllers into a 19" compact rack with a Plug&Play feel. It supports magnetron sputtering (up to 3 sources) or resistance heating evaporation (metal sources up to 4, organic materials x4), and it can also be equipped with a substrate heating stage for annealing and plasma etching. A glove box storage type is also available (*specifications to be discussed). We offer a wide range of optional components that can be flexibly customized. ◉ Maximum substrate size: Φ6 inch ◉ Resistance heating evaporation source filament, crucible, boat type (up to 4 sources) ◉ Organic evaporation source: 1cc or 5cc ◉ Φ2 inch magnetron cathode (up to 3 sources) ◉ Dry etching ◉ Glove box compatible (optional, specifications to be discussed) ◉ Other options: simultaneous deposition from 2 sources, HiPIMS, automatic thin film controller, custom substrate holder, substrate rotation/lifting, substrate heating, and many other options available. *Please first contact us with your required specifications, and we will configure the system to meet your needs.

• Sputtering Equipment
• Annealing furnace
• Evaporation Equipment

A semi-custom-made thin film experimental device that can be assembled with the desired configuration for processes such as evaporation, sputtering, electron beam (EB) deposition, and annealing.

Compact/Space-saving, High-spec Thin Film Experiment Equipment Can be combined with the following deposition sources: - Resistance heating deposition source x up to 4 - Organic deposition source x up to 4 - Electron beam deposition - 2-inch magnetron sputtering cathode x 4 - Plasma etching: Can be installed in either the main chamber or the load lock chamber 【Small Footprint & Space-saving】 - Dual rack type (MiniLab-060): 1200(W) x 590(D)mm 【Excellent Operability & Intuitive Operation Screen】 Windows PC or 7” touch panel. Easy operation regardless of skill level, with maximum safety considerations.

• Sputtering Equipment
• Etching Equipment
• Evaporation Equipment

Flexible configuration available upon request for processes such as evaporation, sputtering, and EB. Adopts a tall chamber with a height of 570mm, contributing to improved uniformity during evaporation.

The ML-080, composed of a D-type box chamber with a volume of 80 liters and dimensions of 400(W)x400(D)x570(H)mm, features a higher chamber compared to the 060 model, resulting in a longer TS distance adjustment range and improved film uniformity during deposition on large-diameter substrates. It is an optimal model for vacuum deposition and is a higher-end version of the ML-060, which can also accommodate a load lock mechanism. Like the 060, it is compact yet supports a wide range of applications including resistance heating deposition (for metals, insulators, and organic materials), EB deposition, RF/DC/Pulse DC compatible magnetron sputtering, RIE plasma etching, and annealing. - Maximum substrate size: Φ10 inch - Resistance heating deposition sources: up to 4 sources - Organic deposition sources: up to 4 sources - Magnetron sputtering cathodes: 4 sources - Electron beam deposition - Substrate heating stage (standard 500℃, max 1000℃) - *Plasma etching / <30W soft etching *Plasma etching can be installed in both the main chamber and the load lock chamber.

• Evaporation Equipment

Storage-compatible glove box PVD flexible thin film experimental device, featuring a tall chamber with a height of 570mm, contributes to improved uniformity during deposition.

MiniLab-080 is a glove box model designed to accommodate an 80ℓ large volume chamber within a glove box bench. It features a slide-open and close chamber that maximizes the use of the workbench, and a rear-opening door designed with maintenance in mind. Samples processed can be consistently handled in a controlled environment inside the glove box without exposure to the atmosphere or moisture. For specifications of the GB model, please refer to the gas purification unit. - Maximum substrate size: Φ10 inch - Resistance heating evaporation source x up to 4 sources - Organic evaporation source x up to 4 sources - Magnetron sputtering cathode x 4 sources - Electron beam evaporation - Substrate heating stage (standard 500℃, Max 1000℃) - Plasma etching / <30W soft etching

• Sputtering Equipment
• Etching Equipment
• Evaporation Equipment

Compact and space-saving! Ideal for organic thin film development, all processes such as deposition, sputtering, and annealing can be seamlessly performed within the glove box.

In the film formation process of 2D materials such as OLED (Organic EL), OPV (Organic Photovoltaic), OTFT (Organic Thin Film Transistor), graphene, and TMD (Transition Metal Dichalcogenides), it is necessary to handle samples in an inert gas atmosphere isolated from oxygen and moisture. The MiniLab-026/090-GB achieves a "oxygen and moisture-free" experimental environment for organic film applications by housing the PVD chamber within the GB, creating a compact and space-saving environment. 【Features】 ◉ A series of processes such as PVD film formation, spin coating, and hot plate baking can be performed seamlessly within the GB without exposing them to the outside air. ◉ Space-saving: The chamber does not protrude from the back, so it does not take up space. 【MiniLab Models】 ◉ MiniLab-026 (26ℓ volume): Metal/insulator/organic material deposition, sputtering, plasma etching, annealing ◉ MiniLab-090 (90ℓ volume): Metal/insulator/organic material deposition, EB deposition, sputtering, plasma etching, annealing * Please first contact us with your required specifications, and we will configure the system according to your needs.

• Evaporation Equipment

It is a high-performance vacuum deposition source that can be used as a high-temperature heating cell for vacuum applications, with an organic deposition source up to 800°C and a metal deposition source up to 1500°C.

The OLED evaporation source is a high-temperature deposition source for vacuum deposition with a maximum operating temperature of 1500°C. By simply replacing the body without removing the fixed base, you can switch between cells for low-temperature organic deposition (up to 800°C) such as OLEDs and high-temperature heating (up to 1500°C) cells. If used as a source for vacuum film formation, a shutter actuator is also provided. When used as a high-temperature heater above 800°C, it features an internal shield structure designed with insulation and thermal shielding in mind. The shutter adopts a flip type. Even if multiple OLED sources are installed in the chamber, they will not interfere with other components. The crucible can be removed simply by taking off the upper cap, making the material filling and replenishment process hassle-free. The main body is available for 1cc crucibles (maximum filling amount 1.5cc) and 10cc crucibles (maximum filling amount 15cc), and can be exchanged by replacing the main body with the base without removing the fixed base from the chamber. Thermocouples can be specified as either K or C types. Crucibles can be selected from alumina (standard), quartz, PBN, and carbon.

• Evaporation Equipment
• Heating device
• Electric furnace

High-efficiency magnetron sputtering cathode compatible with RF, DC, and pulse DC for depositing metals and insulators without impurities. It also excels in maintainability.

【Features】 - Compatible with high vacuum - Available in sizes Φ2 inch, Φ3 inch, Φ4 inch - Adopts a clamp ring type, no bonding required - Excellent maintainability, easy target replacement - Rich options including shutters, chimney ports, gas injection, high-strength magnets for magnetic materials, etc. - Compatible with various flange sizes for connection

• Sputtering Equipment

Max 1000℃, maximum 3 systems for MFC, APC pressure control, compatible with 4" or 6" substrates, high vacuum annealing equipment (<5 × 10^-7 mbar)

High-temperature processing up to 1000°C is possible with a heating stage installed in a high vacuum water-cooled SUS chamber. A heat shield is installed inside the chamber to ensure safety through interlock. The mass flow controller can be expanded to a maximum of three systems, allowing for firing operations at precisely adjusted process gas pressures (with the APC automatic process control system option). Additionally, there are many options available, including a front viewport, dry scroll pump, special substrate holder, and additional thermocouples. The heating stage inside the chamber has three variations depending on the process gas atmosphere and treatment temperature. - Halogen lamp heater: Max 500°C - C/C composite heater: Max 1000°C (only in vacuum or inert gas) - SiC coating heater: Max 1000°C (in vacuum, inert gas, O2)

• Annealing furnace

Tabletop small-sized experimental furnace - space-saving, with a maximum operating temperature of 2000°C! We also manufacture metal furnaces for reducing atmospheres.

◉ Tabletop size, space-saving: 328(W) x 220(D) x 250(H)mm (*Reference value for 2-inch chamber) ◉ Customizable heater structure: - Cylindrical heater: For sample sintering in crucibles (for solid, powder, granule, and pellet-shaped samples) - Flat heater: For sintering Φ1" to Φ6" wafers and small chips ◉ Fast heating time of approximately 15 minutes (to 1500℃), cooling from 1500℃ to 100℃ in about 40 minutes (in vacuum and gas replacement atmosphere) ◉ High specifications & high cost performance ◉ Simple structure, excellent operability Various high-temperature heating experiments for small samples in laboratories, as well as research and development of new materials, can be easily conducted with simple operations. The main unit is compact yet suitable for research and development in a wide range of fields.

• Heating device
• Other heaters
• Electric furnace

Maximum operating temperature 2000℃ Semi-automatic control Ultra-high temperature experimental furnace (carbon furnace, tungsten metal furnace) Compact and space-saving experimental furnace

◉ Maximum operating temperature Max2000℃ ◉ Customizable heater structure: - Cylindrical heater: for sintering samples in a crucible (for solid, powder, granular, and pellet-shaped samples) - Flat heater: for sintering Φ1" to Φ6" wafers and small chip samples ◉ PLC semi-auto control All operations except for temperature adjustment are performed via a touch panel screen. No need for cumbersome valve opening/closing or pump activation; the "vacuum/purge" cycle before sintering and "vent" after sintering are performed automatically with one button. ◉ Up to 3 MFCs for automatic flow control (or manual adjustment) ◉ APC automatic pressure control ◉ Ensuring safety during operation Monitoring for cooling water abnormalities, chamber temperature abnormalities, and overpressure abnormalities. Constructed from robust SUS material, the water-cooled chamber can be safely used even during continuous operation at maximum temperature. ◉ Compact and space-saving Dimensions: Width 603 x Depth 603 x Height 1,160mm (*installed within the rotary pump housing) Various heating experiments for small samples in laboratories, such as ultra-high temperature heating experiments and new material research and development, can be easily conducted. The main unit is compact yet suitable for research and development in a wide range of fields.

• Heating device

This is a heater for thin film experiments such as PVD and CVD, featuring excellent uniformity, heating characteristics, and controllability. RF/DC bias specifications are also available.

High vacuum compatible with a variety of heater material options. Applicable for various vacuum thin film experiments such as PVD (sputtering, evaporation, EB, etc.), CVD, high-temperature vacuum annealing, and high-temperature sample analysis substrate stages. Custom-made solutions are available to meet various specifications. 【Features】 ● Semi-custom product. Designed and manufactured according to your requirements. ● Easy replacement of spare heater wires. ● Easy installation and maintenance (M6 stud bolts, supports). ● Compatible with RF/DC bias and substrate rotation. 【Standard Accessories】 ● Thermocouple: wire type with alumina insulating sleeve. ● Mounting stud bolts. 【Options】 ● RF (150W)/DC (1KW) bias application. ● Non-standard heater wires (Nb, Mo, Pt/Re, WRe, etc.). ● Substrate holding clips. ● Mounting brackets. ● Substrate holders. ● Tapped holes for holder installation. ● Change of top plate material (PBN, quartz, carbon, Inconel, etc.). ● Additional thermocouples for overheating protection. ● Base flange, vacuum feedthrough.

• Heating device

CVD, PVD (evaporation, sputtering, etc.) high vacuum, ultra-high temperature plate heater for wafer and small chip heating with excellent uniformity and reproducibility.

This is a film deposition device and high vacuum compatible hot plate for vacuum thin film experiments, featuring a heater plate made of Inconel or BN plate, with excellent thermal radiation efficiency and superior uniformity. 【Product Lineup】 ◎ SH-IN (Inconel Plate): φ1.0 to φ6.1 inch for vacuum, O2, and active gases ◎ SH-BN (BN Plate, Mo Cover): φ2.1 to φ6.1 inch for vacuum and inert gases 【Features】 ◎ Maximum temperature 1100℃ (SH-BN), 850℃ (SH-IN) ◎ Rapid heating ◎ In-plane temperature distribution within ±2% ◎ Control accuracy and reproducibility ±1℃ ◎ Low cost ◎ Short delivery time (standard about 2 weeks *excluding flanges, rotation and vertical mechanisms, mounting brackets, etc.)

• CVD Equipment
• Annealing furnace
• Other semiconductor manufacturing equipment

An ultra-high temperature substrate heating stage that allows for substrate elevation, rotation, and RF/DC substrate bias all in one device! 'All-In-One' component.

Semiconductors, electronic substrates, vacuum thin film process equipment and research and development【Ultra-high temperature substrate heating mechanism】 Compatible substrate sizes: Φ2 to 6 inches Can be used in vacuum (UHV compatible), inert gas, O2, and various process reactive gas atmospheres, etc. (Details to be discussed separately)

• Sputtering Equipment

Vacuum Ultra-High Temperature Cylindrical Heater Unit Maximum Temperature 1800°C (Graphite, C/C Composite)

We will manufacture according to your requested specifications each time. This is a cylindrical heating unit that can be applied to various purposes in a high vacuum environment. We can custom-make it according to your needs, such as heating crucibles containing samples or heating metal, ceramic, and wire-shaped samples within the cylindrical heating range.

• Ceramic Heater

High-temperature crucible heating heater for vacuum use. A versatile heater unit that can be used as an organic deposition source at 800°C and a metal deposition source at 1500°C.

The HTE heater is a super high-temperature vacuum heating heater unit with a maximum operating temperature of 1500°C. It can be used with materials that have high evaporation temperatures, making it suitable for various applications such as low-temperature organic deposition (up to 800°C) and high-temperature resistance heating deposition (up to 1500°C) for vacuum deposition film formation. If used as a deposition source for vacuum film formation, shutters and actuators can also be added. When used as a high-temperature heater above 800°C, it features an internal shield structure designed with insulation and thermal shielding in mind. The shutter adopts a flip type, allowing multiple deposition sources to be installed in the chamber without interfering with other components. The crucible can be easily removed by simply taking off the upper cap, making the filling and replenishing of materials hassle-free. The main body is available for 1cc crucibles (maximum filling capacity of 1.5cc) and 10cc crucibles (maximum filling capacity of 15cc), and it can be replaced by swapping the main body with the base without removing the fixed base from the chamber. Two types of thermocouples, K type and C type, can be specified. Crucibles made of alumina (standard), quartz, PBN, and carbon are available for selection.

• Evaporation Equipment
• Heating device
• Electric furnace

Low-cost minimum necessary configuration (manual control) applicable as tubular furnace, diffusion furnace, and thermal CVD.

Manual lift vertical experimental furnace for small substrates from small samples to 3-inch wafers. A low-cost version of a vertical furnace ideal for basic experiments in university and corporate research labs. 【Applications】 ◉ Heat treatment for semiconductors, solar cells, fuel cells, electronic substrates, etc. ◉ Basic experiments: simple heat treatment experiments such as vertical tubular furnaces, oxidation diffusion furnaces, LPCVD, etc.

• Oxidation/Diffusion Device

We are pleased to announce that Tokyo Machine Works Co., Ltd. will be exhibiting at the "INNOVATION EXPO 2025" to be held at Tokyo Big Sight from September 10 (Wednesday) to September 12 (Friday), 2025. 【Exhibited Equipment】 - 1-ton portable autonomous mobile robot (AMR) - 2-ton portable unmanned transport vehicle (AGV) - Shutter-equipped unmanned transport vehicle - Autonomous cleaning robot, etc. 【Booth Number】 - 6-405 You will have the opportunity to see each machine up close, including demonstrations that link the equipment together. We sincerely look forward to your visit during this event. Please note that pre-registration (free of charge) is required to attend the exhibition, so we kindly ask you to register using the link below. https://www.logistech-online.com/jp/registration.php?exhibitor=EX000072 If you would like an invitation, please request it through our contact form.

Contec has added a BTO menu for the Windows 11-based embedded OS - Windows 11 IoT Enterprise LTSC 2024 to its industrial computer "MR4310 series" and has started accepting orders.

Contec has developed the Ethernet wireless converters "RP-WAH-SR12" and "RP-WAH-SR22," which utilize 920MHz sub-gigahertz wireless (IEEE 802.11ah) to enable Ethernet communication wirelessly even at distances of up to 1 km. Sales began on August 21, 2025. The new products are compact IEEE 802.11ah compliant wireless LAN converters that can be installed in various locations. The new Wi-Fi standard "IEEE 802.11ah," which utilizes sub-gigahertz wireless communication, became available in Japan in September 2022. It operates in the 920MHz band without the need for a license and can be used outdoors. Compared to conventional 920MHz wireless communication, it enables high-speed communication and the establishment of long-distance networks, making it expected to be utilized in large factories, plants, and farms. The new Ethernet wireless converters are designed to be lightweight and compact, allowing for installation in various locations such as walls and DIN rails with the included mounting brackets. Additionally, they support external antennas, enabling the construction of flexible wireless LAN systems.

Contec has developed a super compact business computer equipped with the Intel(R) Core(TM) Ultra processor (Series 1), and has started accepting orders for the business computer "LPC-500 Series" (hereinafter referred to as the new product) from August 28, 2025. The new product is a super compact business computer featuring the Intel(R) Core(TM) Ultra 5 processor 125U (Series 1, Meteor Lake-U). It is equipped with "Intel(R) AI Boost," which integrates an NPU into the CPU, allowing for the execution of AI functions such as image recognition and voice processing at high speed and low power consumption while reducing the load on the CPU and GPU. With ultra-compact dimensions of 150(W) × 150(D) × 33(H) mm, it comes with a vertical stand and VESA mounting brackets, enabling installation in tight spaces on desks, behind displays, or inside equipment without restriction. It adopts a BTO (Build to Order) method that allows customers to freely choose memory capacity, storage, OS, and more, enabling the order of a PC with specifications optimal for their needs and budget starting from just one unit.

The "Mechanical Stitching Method" by Nichinichisui Road Machinery Co., Ltd. is a new technique that allows for the repair of metal cracks without the application of heat. By using special bolts and reinforcement plates, cracks are physically removed without causing any thermal impact on the base material. Repairs can be made even in environments where open flames cannot be used. Since no heat is applied, the disassembly of equipment is minimized. ◎ For more details, please contact us. ◎ If a detailed technical explanation is needed, please contact us.