List of Technical and Reference Books products
- classification:Technical and Reference Books
361~405 item / All 1735 items
Reduce the workload from handling heavy objects! Here are five case studies that solved customer challenges! We are also accepting free consultations and tests tailored to your work!
- Other conveying machines
No more need to lift heavy one-gallon cans! Enjoy comfortable liquid transfer in the central kitchen.
- Other Pumps
Decision to exhibit at the 1st Chubu Food Industry Creation Exhibition '26!
We will be exhibiting at the "1st Chubu Food Industry Creation Exhibition '26" to be held at Port Messe Nagoya from November 4 (Wednesday) to November 6 (Friday), 2026. As a new addition to our lineup, we will showcase the "Cordless Sanitary Handy Pump," which is a product we started selling in April last year, alongside our "Compact Sanitary Handy Pump Model MHS." - Cordless! Portable anywhere! Easy to use! Simple cleaning! It is compatible with standard 18L cans and BIB (Bag-in-Box) and features a structure that allows for easy disassembly and cleaning. We would like to invite you to visit us at this opportunity. - Venue: Port Messe Nagoya - Our exhibition booth: Hall 1 "C-66"
The era when AI was merely a tool waiting for human instructions has ended, leading to coexistence with humans! Instead of being immersed in specialized fields, a cross-disciplinary "integrative persp...
- Technical and Reference Books
September 17 Webinar: "Next-Generation AI Infrastructure and Optoelectronic Integration Implementation"
■Title: "Next-Generation AI Infrastructure and Optoelectronic Fusion Implementation - Addressing Massive Information Processing, Decoding Optoelectronic Fusion -" In the context of the rapid increase in information volume due to AI and live video, this seminar explains optical fiber communication, high-speed wireless, and semiconductor technologies that support high-speed information transmission. Participants will systematically learn about the current status and challenges of "optoelectronic fusion implementation" aimed at introducing optical transmission between and within electronic devices. 【Knowledge Gained from the Seminar】 - Basics of high-speed information transmission technology and the essence of high-speed transmission - Factors influencing high-speed transmission such as transmission medium, transmission distance, and transmission loss - Transmission methods including wired/wireless, 4G/5G, Wi-Fi 6/7 - Development history of optical fiber communication, communication methods, and transceivers - Challenges in information transmission between and within electronic devices - Current status of optoelectronic signal conversion and optoelectronic fusion implementation - Basic technologies such as optical semiconductors, silicon photonics, processors, and memory 【Target Audience for the Seminar】 - Individuals interested in high-speed information transmission technology - Those dealing with large-capacity information such as AI and video - Individuals who want to learn the basics of semiconductor and transmission technology
Introduction video for the IoT gateway "KES IoT Logic" (#02 Case Study Edition)
- Technical and Reference Books
Introduction video for the IoT gateway "KES IoT Logic" (#01 Overview Edition)
- Technical and Reference Books
Available for preview - Quantification by LCA / Promotion of Carbon Neutrality -
- others
- Technical and Reference Books
- Technical and Reference Books
[Book] Calculation of CO2 Emissions and Reduction Cases (No. 2219)
-Quantification by LCA / Promotion of Carbon Neutrality- ★ How to accurately and efficiently calculate CO2 emissions from raw materials, intermediate products, processing, logistics, usage, and disposal! ★ Initiatives for carbon neutrality involving the supply chain revealed by leading companies! --------------------- ■ Key Points of This Book Approaches to LCA evaluation Specific examples of CO2 emissions and reduction contributions calculation Overview and utilization of carbon pricing Examples of promoting carbon neutrality --------------------- ■ Table of Contents Chapter 1: Trends in Carbon Neutrality, Policies, and Required Corporate Responses Chapter 2: Methods for Calculating Greenhouse Gas Emissions Chapter 3: Case Studies on Evaluating Greenhouse Gas Emissions Chapter 4: Trends in Carbon Pricing, Emission Trading, and Climate Change Disclosure Chapter 5: Examples of Initiatives Toward Carbon Neutrality --------------------- ● Published: September 29, 2023 ● Format: A4, 568 pages ● Authors: 55 ● ISBN: 978-4-86104-981-1 ---------------------
Collecting "real questions from the field" submitted by practitioners, explained clearly in a Q&A format!
- Technical and Reference Books
Diagnosis using harmonics from the 2nd to the 40th! Diagnosing abnormalities and deterioration in motors, machinery, inverters, and more! Currently running a campaign with 50% off the regular price!
- Technical and Reference Books
What can be done with the technology owned by our company? How can we effectively identify market needs and applications?
- Technical and Reference Books
Systematically analyze the structural changes in power supply for AI data centers from four perspectives: "market," "power architecture," "material DX," and "implementation technology"!
- Technical and Reference Books
- Secondary Cells/Batteries
September 14 Webinar "Battery Remaining Capacity and Degradation Estimation Technology"
■Title: "Explanation of Remaining Capacity and Degradation Estimation Techniques for Optimal Management of Lithium-Ion Batteries" ――Focusing on operating principles, modeling, and control methods, this seminar explains battery management technologies for EVs, HEVs, PHEVs, etc., from the perspectives of different battery types and applications. It covers everything from remaining capacity estimation and degradation diagnosis necessary for BMS to lifespan prediction. 【Knowledge Gained from the Seminar】 - Basic characteristics and operating principles of lithium-ion batteries - Electrical characteristics of batteries and equivalent circuit models - Extraction of equivalent circuit models from Nyquist plots - Battery simulation using MATLAB - High-precision remaining capacity estimation using Kalman filters - Degradation phenomena of batteries and modeling - Degradation diagnosis using Recursive Least Squares (RLS) - Latest technologies related to degradation diagnosis and lifespan prediction 【Target Audience for the Seminar】 - Beginners and young engineers who want to learn about battery technology - Engineers involved in BMS and battery simulation - Those interested in remaining capacity estimation, degradation diagnosis, and lifespan prediction technologies
Design/Scale-up, with Excel template for process simulation (CD-ROM) included.
- Technical and Reference Books
- Other cells
- Other Culture
September 18 Webinar "Research and Development of Regenerative Medicine and Scaffold Materials"
■Title: "Current Status of Research and Development of Regenerative Medicine and Scaffold Materials in the World" --- This seminar provides a comprehensive explanation of scaffold materials, which play a crucial role in regenerative medicine, covering necessary conditions, types of materials, structural control, fabrication techniques, and applications in tissue regeneration. Participants will systematically learn about the required characteristics such as biocompatibility, bioabsorbability, and mechanical strength, as well as the latest trends in research and development. 【Knowledge Gained from the Seminar】 - Current status of regenerative medicine and the role of scaffold materials - Required biocompatibility, bioabsorbability, and mechanical strength of scaffold materials - Materials such as synthetic polymers, natural polymers, and extracellular matrices - Design techniques for composites, hierarchical structures, and patterned structures - Fabrication techniques including porogen leaching, phase separation, freeze-drying, and 3D printing - Applications in cartilage, bone, skin, muscle, heart, liver, lungs, etc. - Trends in research and development of scaffold materials for regenerative medicine in China 【Target Audience for the Seminar】 - Those who want to apply knowledge of scaffold material technology in their work - Individuals involved in research and development of regenerative medicine or cellular scaffolds - Those interested in design and fabrication techniques for materials used in regenerative medicine
We will focus on and explain corrosion phenomena such as galvanic corrosion and crevice corrosion!
- Technical and Reference Books
- Contract manufacturing
- Processing Contract
Paradigm shift of positive and negative electrode materials and components.
- Other services
- Technical and Reference Books
- Lithium-ion battery
September 14 Webinar "Battery Remaining Capacity and Degradation Estimation Technology"
■Title: "Explanation of Remaining Capacity and Degradation Estimation Techniques for Optimal Management of Lithium-Ion Batteries" ――Focusing on operating principles, modeling, and control methods, this seminar explains battery management technologies for EVs, HEVs, PHEVs, etc., from the perspectives of different battery types and applications. It covers everything from remaining capacity estimation and degradation diagnosis necessary for BMS to lifespan prediction. 【Knowledge Gained from the Seminar】 - Basic characteristics and operating principles of lithium-ion batteries - Electrical characteristics of batteries and equivalent circuit models - Extraction of equivalent circuit models from Nyquist plots - Battery simulation using MATLAB - High-precision remaining capacity estimation using Kalman filters - Degradation phenomena of batteries and modeling - Degradation diagnosis using Recursive Least Squares (RLS) - Latest technologies related to degradation diagnosis and lifespan prediction 【Target Audience for the Seminar】 - Beginners and young engineers who want to learn about battery technology - Engineers involved in BMS and battery simulation - Those interested in remaining capacity estimation, degradation diagnosis, and lifespan prediction technologies
A system that utilizes the latest VR goggles and live-action footage to provide experiential learning of common scenes in car accidents.
- Technical and Reference Books
Quality is determined in the "final process." A manufacturing system you can trust and rely on.
- OEM
- Technical and Reference Books
Transforming customer needs into reality through "prescription." A research and development system that supports everything from prototyping to mass production.
- OEM
- Technical and Reference Books
Basic knowledge of liquid viscosity and a viscosity comparison table for substances like honey and mayonnaise. A handbook explaining common problems that occur with high-viscosity liquids and their co...
- Mixer/Stirrer
- Stainless steel container
- Technical and Reference Books
【Technical Specialty Books】☆Which country or region should you apply for which technology? How to determine the countries to apply for based on cost-effectiveness, and how to decide on maintaining or ...
- others
- Technical and Reference Books
- Technical and Reference Books
[Book] How to Choose and Proceed with Foreign Patent Application Countries Based on Cost-Effectiveness (No. 2164) [Sample Available]
☆ Which country or region should you file for what technology? How to determine the countries for filing based on cost-effectiveness, and how to decide on maintaining or abandoning rights!! ☆ The rapidly changing global situation! Evaluate the value of intellectual property linked to your business and strengthen your international competitiveness!! ■ Table of Contents Chapter 1: Trends in Japanese companies' overseas expansion and future directions Chapter 2: Considerations for formulating intellectual property strategies in the context of globalization Chapter 3: How to conduct research and gather information for overseas patent applications Chapter 4: Methods for selecting countries for foreign patent applications and key points Chapter 5: Considerations for maintaining or abandoning rights for foreign patents Chapter 6: Criteria for choosing between foreign patent applications and trade secret protection Chapter 7: How to avoid getting involved in overseas patent litigation Chapter 8: Trends in AI/IOT/DX-related patents in various countries and key areas for applications Chapter 9: Country-specific cases of overseas patent applications and intellectual property-related disputes and their countermeasures Chapter 10: Characteristics of patent systems in various countries, legal frameworks, and points to note when applying --------------------- ● Published: July 29, 2022 ● Format: A4 size, 521 pages ● Authors: 65 individuals ● ISBN: 978-4-86104-886-9 ---------------------
Official Guidebook for the 3D Printer Utilization Technology Certification Exam (Revised and Expanded Edition)
- 3D Printer
- Technical and Reference Books
https://cmcre.com/archives/140874/
- Technical and Reference Books
- Lithium-ion battery
- Secondary Cells/Batteries
September 14 Webinar "Battery Remaining Capacity and Degradation Estimation Technology"
■Title: "Explanation of Remaining Capacity and Degradation Estimation Techniques for Optimal Management of Lithium-Ion Batteries" ――Focusing on operating principles, modeling, and control methods, this seminar explains battery management technologies for EVs, HEVs, PHEVs, etc., from the perspectives of different battery types and applications. It covers everything from remaining capacity estimation and degradation diagnosis necessary for BMS to lifespan prediction. 【Knowledge Gained from the Seminar】 - Basic characteristics and operating principles of lithium-ion batteries - Electrical characteristics of batteries and equivalent circuit models - Extraction of equivalent circuit models from Nyquist plots - Battery simulation using MATLAB - High-precision remaining capacity estimation using Kalman filters - Degradation phenomena of batteries and modeling - Degradation diagnosis using Recursive Least Squares (RLS) - Latest technologies related to degradation diagnosis and lifespan prediction 【Target Audience for the Seminar】 - Beginners and young engineers who want to learn about battery technology - Engineers involved in BMS and battery simulation - Those interested in remaining capacity estimation, degradation diagnosis, and lifespan prediction technologies
The latest version summarizing changes in domestic and international laws, regulations, and standards from 2023 to 2025, divided into chapters!
- Lithium-ion battery
- Technical and Reference Books
- Secondary Cells/Batteries
September 14 Webinar "Battery Remaining Capacity and Degradation Estimation Technology"
■Title: "Explanation of Remaining Capacity and Degradation Estimation Techniques for Optimal Management of Lithium-Ion Batteries" ――Focusing on operating principles, modeling, and control methods, this seminar explains battery management technologies for EVs, HEVs, PHEVs, etc., from the perspectives of different battery types and applications. It covers everything from remaining capacity estimation and degradation diagnosis necessary for BMS to lifespan prediction. 【Knowledge Gained from the Seminar】 - Basic characteristics and operating principles of lithium-ion batteries - Electrical characteristics of batteries and equivalent circuit models - Extraction of equivalent circuit models from Nyquist plots - Battery simulation using MATLAB - High-precision remaining capacity estimation using Kalman filters - Degradation phenomena of batteries and modeling - Degradation diagnosis using Recursive Least Squares (RLS) - Latest technologies related to degradation diagnosis and lifespan prediction 【Target Audience for the Seminar】 - Beginners and young engineers who want to learn about battery technology - Engineers involved in BMS and battery simulation - Those interested in remaining capacity estimation, degradation diagnosis, and lifespan prediction technologies
Specialized in non-electrical materials! A complete analysis of the transition away from PFAS in the supply chain from upstream to downstream!
- Technical and Reference Books
7/8 Non-fluorinated water and oil repellent coating WEB seminar
■Title "Fundamentals and Applications of Non-Fluorinated Water-Repellent and Oil-Repellent Coatings, Development Trends" This seminar provides a systematic learning experience about non-fluorinated water-repellent and oil-repellent coating technologies, which are gaining attention against the backdrop of strengthened PFAS regulations. It covers the fundamental theories of water-repellent and oil-repellent phenomena, the concept of surface energy, the characteristics of fluorinated coatings, and the latest trends in PFAS regulations. Additionally, it introduces the characteristics, technological trends, and application examples of non-fluorinated materials such as silicone-based, urethane-based, polyolefin-based, and hybrid systems, organizing the merits and challenges of each. This content is beneficial for engineers and planners involved in the consideration of PFAS alternative technologies and product development. ■Event Details Date and Time: July 8, 2026 (Wednesday) 13:30 - 16:30 Instructor: Mr. Nakahira Hirayama (Director of Hirayama Engineering Office) Participation Fee: 44,000 yen (tax included) *Price for our newsletter members (registration free): 39,600 yen (tax included) Delivery Format: Live streaming via Zoom
A definitive guide that provides a comprehensive view of the forefront of exosome research, from basics to applications in medicine, drug development, beauty, and regenerative medicine!
- Technical and Reference Books
Investigate the latest information on catalytic reactions using CO2 as a raw material!
- Technical and Reference Books
Blueprint Seminar for a Methanol Society on June 24
■Title "Blueprint for a Methanol Society - Towards Carbon Neutrality" In the pursuit of achieving carbon neutrality, methanol, which can be produced from CO₂ and hydrogen derived from renewable energy, is gaining attention as a new energy carrier. This seminar will clarify the essence of global warming and energy issues, explain the concept of a CO₂-methanol circular society, explore the possibilities of energy utilization and chemical raw material use, and discuss the latest global trends. Furthermore, participants will systematically learn about the roadmap towards 2050, business models, and the necessary technological developments. 【Target Audience】 - Engineers and researchers in the energy, chemical, and automotive industries - Business planning, management planning, and policy-making personnel - Those considering decarbonization strategies or new business ventures - Individuals interested in means to achieve carbon neutrality
[Technical Specialty Books] ★ Development of materials with functionalities that were previously unimaginable, including millimeter wave, terahertz, and optical control technologies!
- others
- Technical and Reference Books
- Technical and Reference Books
[Book] Design, Fabrication, and Application of Metamaterials in New Materials and Device Development (No. 2146BOD)
■Table of Contents Chapter 1: Processing and Fabrication Techniques for Metamaterials and Metasurfaces Chapter 2: Application Examples of Metamaterials and Metasurfaces in Energy Conversion Technologies Chapter 3: Application Examples of Metamaterials and Metasurfaces in Optical Devices Chapter 4: Applications of Metamaterials in Sensing and Analytical Techniques Chapter 5: Applications of Metamaterials and Metasurfaces in Electromagnetic Wave Control Chapter 6: Applications of Metamaterials in Terahertz Wave Control Chapter 7: Principles and Design of Acoustic Metamaterials, Development Examples Chapter 8: Design and Development Examples of Mechanical Metamaterials -------------------------- ●Publication Date: March 31, 2022 ●Authors: 54 ●Format: A4, 508 pages Hardcover Edition: Price: 88,000 yen (tax included) ISBN: 978-4-86104-876-0 ↓↓ The hardcover edition is out of print ↓↓ On-Demand Edition Available Price: 69,300 yen (tax included) ISBN: 978-4-86798-042-2 After receiving your order, we will perform simple printing and binding --------------------------
Explaining the circuit board layout design that maximizes the performance of power ICs!
- Switching Power Supply
- Circuit board design and manufacturing
- Technical and Reference Books
Know-how for power supply board design that supports the miniaturization of medical devices.
- Switching Power Supply
- Circuit board design and manufacturing
- Technical and Reference Books
Condensing the know-how of power supply board design that supports the high-speed communication equipment.
- Switching Power Supply
- Circuit board design and manufacturing
- Technical and Reference Books
Explaining the know-how of power supply board design that supports the operation of high-precision industrial robots.
- Switching Power Supply
- Circuit board design and manufacturing
- Technical and Reference Books
Condensing know-how in power supply board design that contributes to weight reduction in the aerospace field.
- Switching Power Supply
- Circuit board design and manufacturing
- Technical and Reference Books
Condensing know-how in power supply board design to support the realization of energy-saving home appliances.
- Switching Power Supply
- Circuit board design and manufacturing
- Technical and Reference Books
Condensing the know-how of power supply board design that supports the stable operation of data centers.
- Switching Power Supply
- Circuit board design and manufacturing
- Technical and Reference Books
Free distribution of design materials for circuit board layouts that maximize the performance of power ICs!
- Switching Power Supply
- Circuit board design and manufacturing
- Technical and Reference Books
Free technical documentation to support the miniaturization and high performance of wearable devices!
- Switching Power Supply
- Circuit board design and manufacturing
- Technical and Reference Books
We are currently offering a technical document that explains the key points of circuit board layout to maximize the performance of power ICs, based on specific examples!
- Switching Power Supply
- Circuit board design and manufacturing
- Technical and Reference Books
Condensed know-how for power board design to enhance the reliability of IoT devices.
- Switching Power Supply
- Circuit board design and manufacturing
- Technical and Reference Books
Condensing the know-how of power supply board design that supports the safety of railway systems.
- Switching Power Supply
- Circuit board design and manufacturing
- Technical and Reference Books
Aren't you choosing an OEM manufacturer based solely on price? This book summarizes the criteria for making decisions, such as quotation conditions and minimum lot sizes, from a sales perspective to a...
- Technical and Reference Books
- OEM
[Video Updating] Easy-to-understand information useful for cosmetics OEM explained on YouTube!
At Orion Cosmetics Industry, we are distributing videos on our official YouTube channel about cosmetic OEM and information related to cosmetics manufacturing. We explain specialized content in an easy-to-understand manner from the perspective of a cosmetics manufacturer, covering topics such as container and packaging design, formulation design for shampoos and skincare, and beauty knowledge. - "I am considering OEM." - "I want tips for product development." - "I want to know about the cosmetics industry." We regularly update content that is useful for those interested in these topics. Please take a look. ▶ [YouTube Channel] Learn with Orion-chan! The World of Cosmetic OEM https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCZLI6X0MffZGXNktbkyEDRw
A copper processing expert explains! It is possible to enhance workability while preventing cracks and defects.
- Technical and Reference Books
The participation in the JECAFAIR 2026 Electrical Industry Exhibition has been confirmed.
We have decided to exhibit at "JECAFAIR 2026 Electric Construction Industry Exhibition," which will be held at Tokyo Big Sight from May 27 (Wednesday) to May 29 (Friday). We will be exhibiting right at the entrance of booth number 1-54 in Hall 1 East. On the final day, our on-site workers, who process 150 tons of copper busbars annually, will share insights about the characteristics of copper, the challenges of processing, and information that only those on-site would know during the exhibitor seminar! For more details, please visit the official website! We sincerely look forward to your visit!
How to design products that are 'easy to understand,' 'easy to use,' and 'make you want to use them even more!'
- others
- Technical and Reference Books
- Technical and Reference Books
[Book] How to Quantitatively Evaluate "Usability" and Incorporate It into Product Design (No. 2190) [Sample available]
How to design products that are "easy to understand," "easy to use," and "make you want to use them more!" --------------------- ■Table of Contents (Excerpt) Chapter 1: Definition and Standards of Usability Chapter 2: How to Conduct Usability Evaluation Chapter 3: Concept of User Experience Chapter 4: Usability Evaluation of Products through Biometric Measurement Chapter 5: Usability Evaluation using Big Data and Machine Learning Chapter 6: Design of User-Friendly Products Chapter 7: Ease of Color Identification Chapter 8: Quantitative Evaluation of Audibility Chapter 9: Usability Evaluation and Product Development for the Elderly Chapter 10: Usability Evaluation in Food and its Application to Product Development Chapter 11: Usability Evaluation in Cosmetics and its Application to Product Development Chapter 12: Usability Evaluation in Automobiles and its Application to Product Development Chapter 13: Usability Evaluation in Care and Medical Fields and its Application to Product Development --------------------- ●Publication Date: March 31, 2023 ●Format: A4, 642 pages ●Authors: 56 ●ISBN: 978-4-86104-939-2 ---------------------
[Available for preview] ~ Composition prediction, chemical structure generation, synthesis pathway exploration, reaction condition optimization, toxicity assessment ~
- others
- Technical and Reference Books
- Technical and Reference Books
[Book] Optimization of Data Collection and Analysis Methods in Chemoinformatics (No. 2196) [Available for Preview]
- Prediction of composition and generation of chemical structures, exploration of synthesis pathways and optimization of reaction conditions, toxicity assessment ◎ How can we predict unknown areas of chemical substances from "limited data" and "uneven data"? ◎ What kind of data is needed? What are the application examples of analytical methods? What will the prediction accuracy be? ---------------------------- ■ Table of Contents Chapter 1: Representation and Quantification of Chemical Structures and Design and Utilization of Descriptors Chapter 2: Considerations in Data Collection and Database Construction Chapter 3: Creation of Datasets and Application Examples of Various Analytical Methods Chapter 4: Specific Applications of Machine Learning and Their Examples Chapter 5: Application Examples for Exploration of Synthesis Pathways and Optimization of Reaction Conditions for Chemical Substances Chapter 6: Application Examples for Chemical Substance and Material Design Chapter 7: Toxicity Assessment Methods for Chemical Substances and Their Examples Chapter 8: Application Examples in Pharmaceutical Development Chapter 9: Collaboration and Application Examples with Analytical Informatics ---------------------------- ● Published: April 28, 2023 ● Format: A4 size, 657 pages ● Authors: 55 ● ISBN: 978-4-86104-944-6 ----------------------------
The elements that make up the estimated amount are "material costs," "processing costs," and "heat treatment and surface treatment costs"!
- Technical and Reference Books
Introducing the material properties of titanium, their impact on machining, and typical countermeasures!
- Technical and Reference Books
Technologies for utilizing waste heat that achieve the decarbonization of energy use, which is becoming increasingly important!
- Other services
- Technical and Reference Books
Blueprint for the PFAS-free era! A thorough explanation of alternative materials and process optimization for each step, from ArF immersion to CMP and cleaning!
- Technical and Reference Books
- Other semiconductors
11/5 Webinar: Basics of Semiconductor Packaging and Quality Control
■Title: "Fundamentals of Semiconductor Packaging, Quality Control, and Latest Trends" ――This course systematically explains the functions and structures required for semiconductor packaging, manufacturing processes, and quality control, as well as the latest technological trends such as SiP, WLP, FOWLP, TSV, chipletization, and three-dimensional packaging. Participants will gain an understanding of the overall picture of packaging technology and practical challenges, acquiring the knowledge necessary for semiconductor development and manufacturing. - Functions required for semiconductor packaging and technological transitions - Characteristics, challenges, and countermeasures of each subsequent process - Basic knowledge of package quality control - Advanced packaging technologies such as SiP, WLP, FOWLP, and TSV - Latest trends in chipletization and three-dimensional packaging - Understanding the interrelationship between materials, equipment, and packaging technology - Young engineers involved in packaging technology - Engineers from semiconductor equipment manufacturers and material suppliers - Sales and marketing personnel - Those who wish to systematically acquire knowledge related to semiconductors