大同分析リサーチ List of Products and Services

By utilizing our material analysis technology, we can perform the following analyses on soft magnetic materials used in EV motors: 【Magnetic Measurement】 We conduct measurements of DC magnetic properties and AC magnetic measurements. Analysis of materials taken from existing motors is also possible. 【Steel Sheet Grade Investigation】 For electrical steel sheets, we can estimate JIS equivalent grades by comprehensively considering the results of material property investigations (such as hardness), component analysis, and magnetic measurements. 【Coating Investigation】 Using devices such as scanning electron microscopes (SEM), we can investigate the insulating coatings applied to steel sheets and powders. 【Development Support】 Many electrical steel sheet materials have a correlation between crystal orientation and magnetic properties, which can be quantitatively evaluated. By understanding the magnetic properties based on the orientation of the steel sheets, we contribute to motor design and improvements in manufacturing processes. Additionally, the magnetic properties deteriorate due to the strain induced by powder compression molding or steel sheet punching, but this strain can be quantitatively evaluated. This can be utilized for optimizing processing and strain removal processes.

• Contract Analysis

As the electrification of vehicles accelerates, the development of high-efficiency motors has become an essential element for achieving carbon neutrality, requiring improvements in both efficiency and reliability. Enhancements in the performance of magnets and core materials, as well as structures and materials with high environmental resistance, are desired. Our company will provide support and material proposals based on our long-established expertise in structural material analysis and magnetic material evaluation.

• Contract Analysis

As the electrification of vehicles accelerates, the development of high-efficiency motors has become an essential element for achieving carbon neutrality, requiring improvements in both efficiency and reliability. Additionally, in response to the rapidly changing social conditions, reverse engineering (disassembly investigation) is an indispensable factor for shortening development periods and controlling costs. Our company will provide support and material proposals using the material analysis and evaluation technologies we have cultivated over many years.

• Contract Analysis

As the electrification of vehicles accelerates, the development of high-efficiency motors has become an essential element for achieving carbon neutrality, requiring improvements in both efficiency and reliability. Our company will provide support with our long-established material analysis and evaluation technologies.

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Our company is capable of EBSD analysis using appropriate methods according to the research objectives.

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There are two types of electrical steel sheets: oriented and non-oriented, depending on their application. Electrical steel sheets are materials with significant magnetic anisotropy, and quantifying the orientation state is a very important aspect of material design. By using EBSD, it is possible to quantify the orientation of electrical steel sheets.

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One of the important characteristics of anisotropic magnets is the residual magnetic flux density. The more aligned the direction of the easy magnetization axis is, that is, the higher the crystal orientation, the greater the residual magnetic flux density. Therefore, understanding the orientation of the easy magnetization axis is extremely important for the development of anisotropic magnets and the motors that use them. The orientation of ferrite magnets can be evaluated using EBSD.

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The magnetic cores made from soft magnetic powder through compression molding undergo an annealing treatment after compaction. Factors that change with annealing temperature were analyzed using EBSD, and the relationship with coercivity was investigated. As a result, a decrease in KAM value and an increase in average grain size were observed with rising annealing temperature, which showed a tendency for coercivity to decrease. By applying these results, it becomes possible to analyze the causes of magnetic property degradation in compressed magnetic cores made from soft magnetic metal powders using EBSD.

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As EV adoption accelerates, the development of high-efficiency motors has become an essential element for achieving carbon neutrality, requiring improvements in both efficiency and reliability. Our company will provide support with our long-established structural materials analysis technology.

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There are two types of dislocations: GN dislocations, which involve a change in crystal orientation, and SS dislocations, which do not involve a change in crystal orientation. EBSD can only detect GN dislocations, while XRD can detect both GN and SS dislocations.

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The compound layer generated by soft nitriding treatment, which improves wear resistance, is mainly composed of the ε phase (Fe3N) and the γ' phase (Fe4N). Since the two have different crystal structures, the evaluation of phase distribution can be performed using EBSD.

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The pressed powder magnetic core is a magnetic core manufactured by compressing soft magnetic powder with an insulating coating. Due to its high operating magnetic flux density and high operating frequency, its application in high-speed motors and automotive reactors is being advanced. Generally, magnetic properties are influenced by factors such as crystal grains, strain, inclusions, and precipitates. However, since the pressed powder magnetic core undergoes annealing after compression molding during manufacturing, an investigation was conducted on the relationship between the factors that change due to annealing and the coercivity. As a result, a tendency was observed where the KAM value decreased and coercivity declined with an increase in annealing temperature. [Investigation Method] (1) Soft magnetic powder: Fe-Si powder, average particle diameter D50 = 27.2 μm (2) Sample preparation method: Coating the powder with silicone resin ⇒ compression molding (3) Evaluation method: Annealing of samples (500, 700, 750°C) ⇒ coercivity measurement - DC BH analyzer EBSD analysis - Crystal orientation (IPF) - Plastic strain (KAM) - Crystal grain size measurement *For more details, please refer to the related links or feel free to contact us.

• Analytical Equipment and Devices

From the results of pole figure measurements of X-ray diffraction before magnetization of anisotropic magnets represented by neodymium magnets, it has become possible to calculate the crystallographic orientation degree with respect to the residual magnetic flux density. Since anisotropic magnets have a higher residual magnetic flux density after magnetization when the crystallographic orientation degree of the magnetization easy axis is high, understanding the crystallographic orientation degree before magnetization is beneficial for the development of anisotropic magnets and quality control in production lines.

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In power semiconductors such as GaN, atomic-level defects affect performance degradation. By evaluating forward-scattered electrons using an EBSD detector, it becomes possible to observe dislocations as well as steps (small height differences) and micro-orientation differences.

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Phase analysis using an electron probe microanalyzer (EPMA) is a method that details the elemental concentration distribution of materials and calculates the composition ratios to clarify the types and distribution of existing phases. The analysis utilizes dedicated software called "Phase Map Maker." Based on the elemental map data obtained from EPMA, it outputs a scatter plot representing the X-ray intensity of elements as a two-dimensional histogram. In this scatter plot, measurement points belonging to the same phase form closely clustered groups, allowing for the intuitive creation of phase maps that indicate phase distribution by specifying those areas. Phase analysis using FE-EPMA allows for the simultaneous display of multiple different phases on a single phase map, enabling a quick grasp of the distribution of each phase and facilitating rapid analysis of the elements causing material properties or phenomena, thereby contributing to problem-solving and quality improvement.

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Our company conducts dislocation observation of GaN using the SEM-ECCI method. In power semiconductors such as Gallium Nitride (GaN), dislocations present during manufacturing are considered factors that lead to decreased device performance and shortened lifespan. Dislocation observation in semiconductors is mainly performed using Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) or the Etch Pit method; however, using the SEM-ECCI method allows for observation with easy pre-treatment. [Measurement Example] - Sample: Single crystal GaN (wafer with GaN deposited on a sapphire substrate) - Surface Orientation: C-plane (0001) ±0.5° - GaN Film Thickness: 4.5 ± 0.5 μm - Measurement Conditions: Backscattering mode *For more details, please refer to the related links or feel free to contact us.

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Due to the different crystal structures of martensite and austenite, it is possible to evaluate the phase distribution and quantitatively assess the area fraction of residual austenite using EBSD. Additionally, there is a specific crystallographic orientation relationship between martensite and austenite. Therefore, by reconstructing austenite from the crystallographic orientation measurement results of martensite, it is possible to measure the old austenite grain size. This method is also effective for materials that are difficult to etch.

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By combining multiple views in software for EBSD analysis, it is possible to evaluate the crystal structure and crystal orientation of a wide area on the order of millimeters with high precision.

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The EBSD method for evaluating crystal structures and orientations has traditionally faced the challenge of measuring small areas, making it unsuitable for measuring wide regions spanning several millimeters. However, our company has established a low-magnification measurement technique, enabling wide-area EBSD analysis of materials with large crystal grains on the sub-millimeter order, which were previously difficult to evaluate. Using this measurement technique, we conducted wide-area EBSD analysis of metal welds and soft magnetic materials (permalloy), assessing crystal orientations and strains.

• Special Steel

Our company uses EBSD measurements to obtain crystallographic information that cannot be discerned through microstructural observation alone, providing valuable insights for material development. Additionally, while titanium materials have been considered difficult to prepare for EBSD analysis (polishing techniques) compared to conventional steel materials, our unique preparation method has made it possible to conduct EBSD analysis on a wide variety of titanium materials.

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By optimizing the preprocessing methods for EBSD analysis of non-ferrous metals, it enables the EBSD analysis of various metals. This applies not only to single materials but also to the observation and analysis of heterogeneous multilayers (especially heterogeneous boundary layers). Applicable materials include copper, solder (such as Sn-Ag and Sn-Pb systems), aluminum, and titanium.

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X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) is an essential tool in the development and quality control across various fields. Please utilize XPS for improving the performance of your products, investigating the causes of defects, and developing next-generation materials. XPS can clarify the following information by irradiating the sample's outer surface (a few nm) with X-rays and precisely analyzing the energy of the emitted photoelectrons: (1) Identification of constituent elements: A wide range of elements can be analyzed, from lithium (Li) to uranium (U). (2) Depth profiling: By combining with argon sputtering, it is possible to evaluate the elemental composition in the depth direction from the surface. This is effective for assessing film thickness and interface analysis. (3) Atmosphere-free analysis: Using special equipment, samples can be analyzed without exposure to the atmosphere. This prevents surface contamination or alteration due to atmospheric components, allowing for the acquisition of true surface information. (4) Measurement of insulators: Analysis of a wide variety of materials is possible.

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Thin films are applied in various fields, and since the thickness of the film is a determining factor for the performance of the product, it is necessary to conduct high-precision thickness evaluations. Our company responds to customer requests by proposing the optimal method according to their needs.

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We conduct thickness distribution measurements of thin films using EPMA. Thickness measurements of thin films are primarily performed using X-ray fluorescence and X-ray reflectivity methods. Since these methods use X-rays as the incident source, they can only measure the average thickness over a relatively wide measurement area. In contrast, by utilizing electron beams, we are now able to measure the thickness in extremely small areas (approximately 1μm²) and also perform thickness distribution mapping, so please make use of this capability. 【Features】 ■ Measurement principle: Thickness is calculated from the intensity of characteristic X-rays generated during electron beam irradiation. ■ Equipment used: EPMA ■ Spatial resolution: Approximately 1μm ■ Maximum measurable thickness: Approximately 1μm ■ Minimum mapping area: Approximately 80×80μm *For more details, please refer to the related links or feel free to contact us.

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High-sensitivity elemental analysis of elements from Li to U can be performed in micro-regions with a depth of ≤5nm and a diameter of ≤10nm. Therefore, it is possible to analyze the elemental composition and chemical state of material surfaces, as well as thin films.

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When metallic materials fail, the mode of failure changes due to various factors such as the properties of the material, applied stress, and environmental conditions. By observing the fracture surface in detail using an electron microscope, it is possible to identify the cause of the failure to some extent from the fracture morphology. Failure modes can be broadly classified into four categories: ductile fracture, brittle fracture, fatigue fracture, and environmental fracture. Ductile fracture involves significant deformation, such as elongation, before failure occurs. Brittle fracture is characterized by crack propagation at a high speed without plastic deformation. Fatigue fracture occurs when cracks gradually propagate due to repeated stress. Environmental fracture is a failure that is significantly accelerated by corrosive environments, leading to rapid crack propagation.

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X-rays are irradiated on the sample to measure residual stress non-destructively. Due to the compact size of the device and its high flexibility in installation locations, it is capable of measuring large samples and conducting field measurements. Additionally, measurements can be taken without changing the angle during the measurement, allowing for quick measurements in a short time (less than 5 minutes).

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In TG-DTA, information can be obtained regarding the thermal stability of samples, component analysis of mixtures, and quantification of additives. In DSC, information can be obtained regarding melting points, freezing points, degree of crystallinity, glass transition temperatures, and heat capacity.

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Measurement of particle size distribution using laser diffraction method and evaluation of powder particle characteristics (such as particle size and shape) through image analysis are possible.

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By moving while rotating the blade within the powder, the combined value of rotational resistance and vertical resistance is measured. High-sensitivity and highly reproducible measurements can be achieved. (Measurement device name: Powder Rheometer FT4)

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It is possible to qualitatively and quantitatively analyze trace components in a mixture with high precision.

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We would like to introduce the production of vanadium alloys for nuclear fusion reactors. The main components are V-4Cr-4Ti. It features low radioactivity, high-temperature strength, and radiation resistance (resistance to neutron embrittlement), and is produced as a world-standard test material through large-scale melting with extremely low O, N, and C content using EB and VAR melting. Daido Analysis Research will assist in the development of new materials. We can also propose compositions tailored to your objectives. 【Features】 ■ Extremely low O, N, C content material produced by EB and VAR melting ■ Good fracture toughness and weldability due to low impurity levels ■ World-standard test material produced by large-scale melting ■ Excellent hot and cold workability (under the guidance of the National Institute for Fusion Science, Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology) *For more details, please refer to the related links or feel free to contact us.

• Analytical Equipment and Devices
• Other environmental analysis equipment
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We would like to introduce the defect investigation conducted on the plastic grill surface at our company. In the surface observation, it was noted that some defects extend from the surface, and there are traces that appear to be where the protruding parts have broken off. The center of these traces is Cu, with Ni detected around it. In the cross-sectional observation, the voids within the Cu area were large, and there were gaps in the Cu/plastic just below the defect and in the immediate vicinity of the defect, from which C (Mg, Si) was detected. As a result, we concluded that the defects likely occurred after the Cu plating experienced abnormal growth due to some cause (such as plastic depressions or impurities) and subsequently collapsed, with Ni plating applied on top. [Case Overview] ■ Surface Observation - Some defects extend from the surface. - Traces were observed where the protruding parts seem to have broken off. - The center of these traces is Cu, with Ni detected around it (according to EDX analysis). *For more details, please refer to the related links or feel free to contact us.

• Analytical Equipment and Devices
• Other environmental analysis equipment
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TG-DTA is a technique that involves heating a sample and a reference material to measure the weight of the sample and the temperature difference between the sample and the reference material. It allows for the quantification of moisture, organic components, ash content, etc., based on weight changes, and evaluates decomposition, oxidation, and thermal stability during heating based on the temperature difference between the sample and the reference material. The thermal behavior of calcium oxalate hydrate during dehydration was measured using TG/DTA.

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By comparing infrared absorption bands, it is possible to obtain information about functional groups and chemical structures.

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Black rubber containing carbon black cannot be analyzed using FT-IR/transmission method due to its absorption of infrared light. By using the ATR method with a germanium prism, FT-IR spectra can be obtained, allowing for the identification of the type of black rubber.

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Metal parts use various types of "oils" during the manufacturing process, but the oil that adheres to the surface can cause defects in subsequent processes such as painting and surface treatment. To avoid the occurrence of defects, it is important to manage the amount of oil adhered to the parts. The residual oil content can be quantified using FT-IR.

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We would like to introduce the investigation we conducted on the causes of rust formation on gear surfaces. Rust occurred during the gear manufacturing process. We investigated the relationship with the cleaning solution used in the process. By concentrating the cleaning solution and analyzing it using the transmission method of micro FT-IR, we found that the positions of the total infrared absorption bands of the organic matter in the rusted areas of the gear (tooth tips and sides) matched the positions of the infrared absorption bands of the cleaning solution. Additionally, we conducted energy dispersive X-ray analysis on the inorganic components and detected the same elements. 【Case Summary】 ■ Investigation Material: Rust occurrence in the gear manufacturing process, investigating the relationship with the cleaning solution used in the process ■ Cleaning Components: Concentrated the cleaning solution and analyzed it using the transmission method of micro FT-IR ■ Analysis of Rusted Areas of the Gear ■ Results - The positions of the total infrared absorption bands of the organic matter in the rusted areas of the gear (tooth tips and sides) matched the positions of the infrared absorption bands of the cleaning solution. - Conducted energy dispersive X-ray analysis on the inorganic components and detected the same elements. *For more details, please refer to the related links or feel free to contact us.

• Analytical Equipment and Devices
• Other environmental analysis equipment
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In our workplace environment measurements, we can measure dust, specific chemical substances, lead, and organic solvents. By conducting these measurements, we clarify the current state of the work environment. We then compare it with the management concentration, which is the value set by the authorities, to assess the condition of the environment. The setting of the unit work area (the area subject to measurement) and the measurement points (Measurement A, Measurement B) will be determined by our measurement specialists based on the conditions at the site. 【Workplaces where measurements can be conducted】 ■ Indoor workplaces that emit significant amounts of dust ■ Indoor workplaces that manufacture or handle specific chemical substances ■ Indoor workplaces that engage in certain lead-related operations ■ Indoor workplaces that manufacture or handle organic solvents *For more details, please refer to the related links or feel free to contact us.

• Contract measurement

It is possible to observe with an optical microscope and measure micro areas of 1μm in a non-destructive and non-contact manner. The FT-IR spectrum, which measures the same molecular vibrations, is complementary to this. Measurements can be made in solid, liquid, and gas states, and it is effective for measuring surface oxide films on metal surfaces and non-metallic inclusions present within metals.

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Our company conducts non-destructive analysis of foreign substances within paint films using micro laser Raman spectroscopy. One type of painting defect is the presence of foreign substances that are mixed into the finish surface and observed as protrusions, referred to as "bumps." The causes of this can include paint-related defects as well as dust, fiber debris, and other contaminants. Since foreign substances exist within the paint film, destructive testing is typically performed; however, for paint films that allow light to pass through, non-destructive testing using confocal Raman spectroscopy is possible. 【Investigation Method】 ■ Sample Material: Multi-layer paint film with foreign substance contamination ■ Equipment Used: Raman spectroscopy device ■ Measurement Conditions: Confocal *For more details, please refer to the related links or feel free to contact us.

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Our company conducts Raman spectroscopic analysis of ultra-thin Fe oxide films. It is possible to measure the substances within the range of laser penetration. Since lasers do not penetrate metals, we can analyze the ultra-thin oxide films on metal surfaces. In the related link, you can view the results of Raman spectroscopic analysis of thin oxide films on pure iron surfaces, along with evaluations of their effectiveness based on AES spectroscopic analysis and XRD results. 【Features】 ■ Qualitative analysis of the oxide film at the targeted area (analysis diameter: approximately 1μm) can be performed. ■ As the oxide film thickens, the peak intensity increases, allowing for relative comparisons of film thickness to be made in a short time. ■ Detection of ultra-thin films (approximately 10–50nm) below the detection limit of XRD is possible. *For more details, please refer to the related link or feel free to contact us.

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Our company conducts stress distribution measurement using micro laser Raman spectroscopy. Residual stress can have various adverse effects on products, such as deformation and failure. There are several measurement methods available, and Raman spectroscopy is one effective means. In the related link, we present examples of stress distribution measurements around indentations made on SiC used in semiconductors, along with graphs and photographs. 【Features】 ■ Analysis equipment: RAMAN ■ Analysis method: Visible light laser ■ Analysis target: Raman-active materials (semiconductors, carbon, polymers, etc.) ■ Surface resolution: Approximately 1μm *For more details, please refer to the related link or feel free to contact us.

• Contract Inspection

We would like to introduce a case study on the investigation of the damage to the tube sheet of the heat exchanger component made of SUS316 in the electric furnace dust reduction equipment conducted by our company. Cracks observed around the tube sheet welding bead exhibited characteristics of typical intergranular stress corrosion cracking in the microstructure. The wet chemical composition of the adhered dust revealed a chlorine content of 15% and a moisture content of 8-9%. It was concluded that measures such as reducing residual stress through stress relief annealing are necessary when using SUS316. [Investigation Results] - A microstructure exhibiting characteristics of typical intergranular stress corrosion cracking was observed. - The crack initiation point was identified as intergranular stress corrosion cracking originating from pitting. - The crack propagation area showed a quasi-cleavage fracture surface. - The air inlet side exhibited severe cracking, while no cracks were found in areas with higher temperatures. *For more details, please refer to the related links or feel free to contact us.*

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We would like to introduce the investigation into the cause of the malfunction that we conducted. We used a micro-focus X-ray fluoroscopy system (Andrex MX-4) and a fluoroscopic image processing device (Uniheight UH-12) for the testing equipment. The test involved low and high magnification fluoroscopic observations of the broken wire locations in the test material using the X-ray fluoroscopy device, as well as observations of crack propagation. The related link includes diagrams and fluoroscopic images of the test results. [Test Content] ■ Low and high magnification fluoroscopic observations of the broken wire locations in the test material using the X-ray fluoroscopy device ■ Observation of crack propagation *For more details, please refer to the related link or feel free to contact us.

• Contract Inspection