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Do you have any concerns regarding factory wastewater? - The pH of the wastewater occasionally shows abnormal values, raising worries about potential external discharge. - If water exceeding the standard values were to flow out, it could lead to environmental regulation violations or conflicts with neighboring areas. - Continuous monitoring by human resources is difficult, so we want to implement automatic safety measures. A system that automatically controls electric valves in response to pH meter readings contributes to the prevention of factory shutdowns and penalty risks. ◇ Achieving zero discharge of abnormal water ◇ Real-time response to pH anomalies ◇ Assurance in explaining risks to local residents and authorities ◇ Reducing the mental burden on site and contributing to improved work efficiency We are currently offering free case studies on the important pH management as part of wastewater treatment management.

■What happens when you actually measure groundwater with a conductivity meter? We measured two types of well water (not suitable for drinking) and groundwater used as household drinking water (pumped from 25m underground) with a conductivity meter. The results were: household drinking water at 13.76 mS/m, well water 1 (not suitable for drinking) at 7.22 mS/m, and well water 2 (not suitable for drinking) at 11.38 mS/m. ■What does electrical conductivity represent? Electrical conductivity is an indicator that changes based on the amount of dissolved minerals (ions) such as calcium and magnesium in the water. A higher value indicates a greater presence of electrolytes in the water. ■What does it mean that the drinking water has a higher value? In this case, the household drinking water had a higher conductivity than the two types of well water that are not suitable for drinking. Conductivity is merely a guideline for the amount of dissolved ions, and a higher value does not directly indicate safety. The suitability for drinking is determined not only by this value but also through comprehensive testing based on water quality standards. If you are having trouble with water quality management in your facilities, please feel free to consult us first.

■What is an electrical conductivity meter used for? Electrical conductivity meters are used for a wide range of water quality measurements, from environmental water such as river water to drinking water and industrial aqueous solutions used in factories. Due to their ease of use, as they only require immersion of the sensor, they are widely used for routine checks in the field. ■Why can measurements be taken just by immersing the sensor? Electrical conductivity is the inverse of the electrical resistance of a solution. By applying a voltage between the electrodes of the sensor and measuring the current that flows, the value can be obtained. Unlike water quality tests that use reagents, this allows for simple and instantaneous measurements just by immersion. ■How does the electrical conductivity meter help? Because it is easy and quick to measure, it is used as an indicator for routine water quality management in various settings such as environmental water, drinking water, and industrial wastewater. Since there is no need for reagent preparation or waiting for reactions, it is also suitable for continuous monitoring. If you have any concerns about water quality management, please feel free to consult us first.

■What is the unit of electrical conductivity "S/m"? The electrical conductivity of water is a value that indicates how easily electricity can pass through it; the larger the value, the easier it is for electricity to flow. The unit is "S/m (siemens per meter)," and it can also be expressed in terms of size as "mS/m" or "μS/cm." ■What is the electrical conductivity of tap water? It varies by region, but in Japan, the electrical conductivity of tap water is generally considered to be around 10-20 mS/m. When measured with a conductivity meter, the value can sometimes be around 20 mS/m. ■Why does tap water not have an electrical conductivity of 0? Even after purification treatment, tap water retains minerals such as calcium and magnesium as ions, which are generally explained as the source of conductivity. Pure water, which contains almost no ions, does not conduct electricity well, leading to a significant difference from the values of tap water. If you have concerns about water quality management, please feel free to consult us first.

■How does electrical conductivity change with hardness? When measuring the electrical conductivity of seven types of commercially available mineral water, it was found that a product with a hardness of 11 mg/L, which is close to soft water, had an electrical conductivity of 19.05 mS/m, while a product with a very high hardness of 1468 mg/L had a conductivity of 0.243 S/m (243 mS/m), showing a significant difference. ■Why are hardness and electrical conductivity linked? Hardness is an indicator of the amount of calcium and magnesium, both of which exist as ions in water. Since electrical conductivity increases in proportion to the amount of ions in the water, water with higher hardness tends to have higher electrical conductivity as well. Conversely, this means that by measuring electrical conductivity alone, one can roughly estimate the amount of dissolved minerals in the water. ■What is the actual difference? The seven types measured this time had a hardness range of 11 to 1468 mg/L, which is more than a 130-fold difference, and the electrical conductivity varied from 19.05 mS/m to 243 mS/m, resulting in approximately a 13-fold difference. By using a conductivity meter, you can easily check the differences in water hardness numerically. If you are having trouble with water quality management, please feel free to consult us first.

■What does electrical conductivity represent? Electrical conductivity is a value that indicates how easily electricity flows through a substance. The more ions that are dissolved in water, the easier it is for electric current to flow, resulting in a larger value. ■How is it different from resistivity? Conversely, resistivity is an indicator that represents how difficult it is for electricity to pass through. Water with fewer ions is less conductive, so the value of resistivity increases. Electrical conductivity and resistivity are essentially two sides of the same coin. ■Why can water quality be determined by electrical conductivity? Many impurities found in natural water are electrolytes that become ions such as calcium and sodium when dissolved in water. Therefore, a higher electrical conductivity indicates a higher concentration of impurities, while a lower conductivity suggests fewer impurities. This property is utilized to easily assess the amount of impurities in water quality management. If you are having trouble with water quality management in your facilities, please feel free to consult us.

■Why is the pH of pure water theoretically "7"? Pure water does not contain substances that can be classified as either acidic or alkaline. Water naturally ionizes very slightly, resulting in hydrogen ions that indicate acidity and hydroxide ions that indicate alkalinity being present in equal concentrations, which makes it neutral, or pH 7. ■Why does actual water deviate from pH 7? When substances that indicate acidity or alkalinity dissolve in water, that water will show acidic or alkaline properties. It is known that even pure water, which should theoretically have a pH of 7, becomes slightly acidic when it absorbs carbon dioxide from the air, resulting in a pH of about 5.6. ■How should pure water be handled to remain stable? As mentioned, pure water has a tendency to be influenced by its surrounding environment. When accurate pH values are needed for analysis or experiments, it is important to handle it carefully, such as minimizing exposure to air.

■ What regulations exist for boiler wastewater? There are additional regulations regarding the water quality standards for boiler wastewater under the Sewerage Act, the Water Pollution Control Act, and municipal ordinances. The Sewerage Act and the Water Pollution Control Act stipulate that the pH must be discharged between 5.8 and 8.6. ■ Why is the standard set around neutral? It is generally said that strongly acidic or alkaline wastewater can corrode sewer pipes and weaken the activity of microorganisms that clean wastewater at treatment plants. By establishing standards close to neutral, it is believed that such impacts are prevented. ■ Why is neutralization necessary? As mentioned previously, it is desirable to maintain the pH of boiler water between 11.0 and 11.8 for corrosion prevention inside the boiler. Therefore, high pH blowdown water must be neutralized before discharge, as discharging it directly would exceed the standards. ■ How is neutralization done? Typically, the pH of alkaline wastewater is lowered by adding an acid to adjust it within the standard values. Please feel free to consult us for more information.

■What does pH represent? pH stands for potential Hydrogen or power of Hydrogen, pronounced as "pee-aitch" or "peh-ha" in Japanese, and is translated as "hydrogen ion index" in Japanese. The essence of pH is the "amount of hydrogen ions" present in water. Acidic substances release a lot of hydrogen ions when dissolved in water, while alkaline substances change the amount of hydrogen ions by either absorbing them or releasing hydroxide ions. The values typically range from 1 to 14, with 7 being the midpoint, considered "neutral." Values less than 7 are "acidic," and values greater than 7 are "alkaline." ■What is the pH of common liquids? Water is a representative of neutral, vinegar and lemon are representatives of acidic, and soap water is a representative of alkaline. ■Why is the "P" in pH lowercase? Since it refers to the exponent of hydrogen ion concentration (power), the lowercase "p" from power is combined with the "H" for hydrogen to form pH. ■Why is pH important in boiler and water treatment settings? Managing the pH of water quality is essential to prevent corrosion and scale buildup in boilers and piping. It is measured using pH test strips or a pH meter. Please feel free to consult us first.

There are actually many places in factories where pH is measured. Depending on the purpose and location, the shape of the equipment and the measurement method vary. ■ Uses range from "quality control" to "environmental monitoring" The applications of pH measurement are very broad, covering everything from process management in product manufacturing at factories to pollution monitoring of factory wastewater and river water. Both management to maintain consistent product quality and management to ensure that discharged water meets standards are capturing the state of water using the same measure: pH. ■ Choose the shape and measurement method according to usage The shapes of the equipment include portable handheld types, desktop types for use on tables, and fixed types for continuous monitoring installed in facilities. There are also multiple measurement methods, including indicator reagent types that show color changes, antimony electrode types, and glass electrode types that offer superior accuracy. Choosing between convenience and accuracy or continuous monitoring is essential. Selecting the right combination for your application is the first step toward proper water quality management. You can find an explanation of how to choose pH management and water quality measurement equipment suitable for your needs in this document. Please download the document!

The pH, which is fundamental to water quality management. There are two methods for measuring it: using precise instruments and convenient test strips, which are chosen based on the purpose. ■ pH Meter (measures accurately with electricity) A pH meter is an electrical measuring device that uses an internal glass electrode. When two types of solutions are separated by a glass membrane, a potential difference arises according to the difference in pH between the two. By utilizing this mechanism, the potential generated between the reference solution inside the electrode and the water to be measured is read to accurately quantify the pH. However, to maintain accuracy and reliability, it is necessary to regularly perform "calibration" (adjusting to correct values) not only when starting to use it or when replacing the electrode but also during use. ■ pH Test Strips (easy determination by color) pH test strips are paper that determines the approximate pH of a liquid by color change. They start as green, and when immersed in a liquid, they change from red (acidic) to green (neutral) to blue (alkaline) depending on the pH. For example, if a strong acid like sulfuric acid is present, it will show red. While they are less accurate than instruments in terms of numerical precision, their strengths lie in the fact that they do not require power or calibration, allowing for quick assessments of acidity or alkalinity on the spot. The appropriate methods for pH management and water quality measurement according to your needs are explained in this document. Please download the document!

The effectiveness of the ion exchange resin is declining! The conductivity of the soft water is increasing! In the boiler equipment that supports the manufacturing line, a stable supply of high-quality pure water is crucial. There has been a challenge where the effectiveness of the ion exchange resin in use on-site is gradually decreasing, leading to an increase in the conductivity of the pure water. Furthermore, although the resin regeneration was set to occur automatically, there were concerns that starting regeneration during operation could impact production, leading to requests for control over the timing of regeneration. For more details, please refer to the downloadable materials.

We would like to introduce a case study of the implementation of an automatic control system for industries such as aluminum processing, metal processing, surface treatment, and extrusion molding, where pH management of factory wastewater is required. We received inquiries expressing concerns that the pH of the wastewater sometimes shows abnormal values and that there might be a risk of it flowing out externally. Abnormal pH levels in wastewater can occur suddenly, and there are limitations to monitoring and responding manually. Our proposal was to implement a system that automatically controls an electric valve in conjunction with the pH meter readings. After implementation, we achieved zero outflow of abnormal water, and real-time responses to pH anomalies became possible. 【Challenges on-site】 ■ The pH of the wastewater sometimes shows abnormal values, raising concerns about potential external outflow. ■ If water exceeding the standard value were to flow out, it could lead to environmental standard violations or issues with neighboring areas. ■ Continuous monitoring by human resources is difficult, so we want to implement automatic safety measures. *For more details, please download the PDF or feel free to contact us.